WORD STRESS PATTERNS

1
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• Profª. Flávia Maria

2
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• Stress Patterns
• Rule Using the correct stress pattern is more
  important than using the correct sounds.

3
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• Say the following words aloud. Which syllable has
  the strongest stress.
• hamburger
• cookies
• pizza
• extremely
• accurate
• machine
• refrigerate
• refrigerator
• refrigeration

4
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• hamburger
• cookies
• pizza
• extremely
• accurate
• machine
• refrigerate
• refrigerator
• refrigeration

5
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• Two-syllable names and phrases
• 1. Rule If you leave out verbs, 90 percent of
  two-syllable words are stressed on the first
  syllable.
• Two-syllable personal names are also likely to be
  stressed on the first syllable.

6
WORD STRESS PATTERNS

• Say these names and phrases aloud.
• 1.Charlie Chaplin 2.Michael Jackson
• 3.Elvis Presley 4.Robert Redford
• 5.instant coffee 6.chocolate candy
• 7.English muffin 8.frozen yogurt

7
TWO WORD STRESS

• According to whether it is an ordinary two-word
  expression or a special, set expression, the
  place of the stress changes. In an ordinary
  expression the two words are used to describe
  something like a "white HOUSE" (meaning a house
  that is painted white, and not blue or grey). In
  this case the most important note is the noun
  because we are talking about a house that happens
  to be white.

8
TWO WORD STRESS

• But sometimes two word expressions mean something
  special and have to be made different from
  similar expressions. One example is "the WHITE
  house" where Mr Obama lives. In this case, the
  emphasis is on the adjective because we are more
  interested in stressing that it is the house that
  is known because it is white. Compare other
  examples
• LIGHT bulb Shines with electricity
• Light BULB A bulb that is not heavy

9
DEGRESS OF STRESS

• Primary stress

• It is the stronger degree of stress.
• Primary stress gives the final stressed syllable.
• Primary stress is very important in compound
  words.

• Secondary stress

• Secondary stress is the weaker of two degrees of
  stress in the pronunciation of a word.
• Secondary stress gives the other lexically
  stressed syllables in a word.
• Secondary stress is important primarily in long
  words with several syllables

10
NOTATION

• Different systems exist for indicating
  syllabification and stress.
• In IPA, primary stress is indicated by a high
  vertical line before the syllable, secondary
  stress by a low vertical line. Example
  /s??læb?f?'ke???n/.
• In English dictionaries which do not use IPA,
  stress is typically marked with a prime mark
  placed after the stressed syllable
  /si-lab'-?-fi-kay'-sh?n/.