Intelligent Transportation System

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Intelligent TransportationSystem
To Engr. Izza Anwar Minhas
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Group Members

• Abdul Jabir
• 2005-CTE-16
• Abdul Razaq
• 200-CTE-17
• Qammar Abbas Khan
• 2005-CTE-06
• Muhammad Rizwan Sarwar
• 2005-CTE-20

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Table of Contents

• Introduction to ITS
• Goals for ITS
• Branches of ITS
• ITS Technologies
• Functions of ITS
• Key ITS Concepts
• ITS in Pakistan

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WHAT IS ITS?

• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is an
  umbrella term for a range of technologies
  including processing, control, communication and
  electronics, that are applied to a transportation
  system. It also includes an advanced approach to
  traffic management.

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DEFINITION

• ITS improves transportation safety and mobility
  and enhances productivity through the use of
  advanced communications technologies.
• Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) apply
  well-established technologies of communications,
  control, electronics and computer hardware
  software to the surface transportation system.

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HOW ITS WORKS?

• Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
  encompass a broad range of wireless and wire line
  communications-based information and electronics
  technologies.  When integrated into the
  transportation system's infrastructure, and in
  vehicles themselves, these technologies relieve
  congestion, improve safety and enhance
  productivity. 

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GOALS FOR ITS

• Improved Safety
• Reduced Congestion
• Increased and Higher Quality Mobility
• Reduced Environmental Impact
• Improved Energy Efficiency
• Improved Economic Productivity

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ITS TECHNOLOGIES OR BRANCHES

• ITS is made up of 16 types of technology based
  systems. These systems are divided into
  intelligent infrastructure systems and
  intelligent vehicle systems.

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INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE

• Planned arteries, highways, traffic signals,
  signs, their coordination and use of latest
  technologies such as DMS and HAR enables
  transportation infrastructure for smooth and
  efficient traffic operation.

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INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Arterial Management
Transit Management
Freeway Management
Incident management
Electronic payment and pricing
Emergency management
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INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Crash Prevention and Safety
Traveler information
Information Management
Road Weather Management
Commercial Vehicle operation
Roadway Operation and Maintenance
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INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Inter-Modal Freight
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INTELLIGENT VEHICLES

• Intelligent Vehicle Technologies telematics
  comprise electronic, electromechanical, and
  electromagnetic devices - usually silicon
  micromachined components operating in conjunction
  with computer controlled devices and radio
  transceivers to provide precision repeatability
  functions (such as in robotics artificial
  intelligence systems) emergency warning
  validation performance reconstruction.

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INTELLIGENT VEHICLES
Driver Assistance Systems
Collision Avoidance Systems
Collision Notification Systems
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Intelligent Infrastructure
Abdul Razaq
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Intelligent Infrastructure

• Intelligent infrastructure has attached or
  built-in components that are able to collect and
  transmit information about the state of the
  infrastructure to a central computer, and in some
  cases receive back instruction from the computer,
  which triggers controlling devices.

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Categories

• Arterial Management
• Freeway Management
• Transit Management
• Incident Management
• Emergency Management
• Traveler Information
• Information Management

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Categories

• Crash Prevention Safety
• Electronic Payment Pricing
• Roadway Operations Maintenance
• Road Weather Management
• Commercial Vehicle Operations
• Intermodal Freight

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Arterial Management
Arterial management systems manage traffic along
arterial roadways, employing traffic detectors,
traffic signals, and various means of
communicating information to travelers. These
systems make use of information collected by
traffic surveillance devices to smooth the flow
of traffic along travel corridors. They also
disseminate important information about travel
conditions to travelers via technologies such as
dynamic message signs (DMS) or highway advisory
radio (HAR).
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Components

• Surveillance
• Traffic Control
• Lane Management
• Parking Management
• Information Dissemination
• Enforcement

Parking Management
Traffic Control Signal
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Freeway Management

• Freeway management systems application is found
  in different forms. Traffic surveillance systems
  use detectors and video equipment to support the
  most advanced freeway management applications.
  Traffic control measures on freeway entrance
  ramps, such as ramp meters, can use sensor data
  to optimize freeway travel speeds and ramp meter
  wait times. Lane management applications can
  address effective capacity of freeways and
  promote use of high-occupancy commute modes.
  Special event transportation management systems
  can help control impact of congestion.

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Freeway Management
In areas with frequent events, large changeable
destination signs or other lane control equipment
can be installed. In areas with occasional or
one-time events, portable equipment can help
smooth traffic flow. Advanced communications have
improved the dissemination of information to the
traveling public. Motorists are now able to
receive relevant information on location specific
traffic conditions in a number of ways, including
dynamic message signs, highway advisory radio,
in-vehicle signing, or specialized information
transmitted only to a specific set of vehicles.
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Transit Management
Transit ITS services include surveillance and
communications, such as automated vehicle
location (AVL) systems, computer-aided dispatch
(CAD) systems, and remote vehicle and facility
surveillance cameras, which enable transit
agencies to improve the operational efficiency,
safety, and security of the nation's public
transportation systems.
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Incident Management
Incident management systems can reduce the
effects of incident-related congestion by
decreasing the time to detect incidents, the time
for responding vehicles to arrive, and the time
required for traffic to return to normal
conditions. Incident management systems make use
of a variety of surveillance technologies, often
shared with freeway and arterial management
systems, as well as enhanced communications and
other technologies that facilitate coordinated
response to incidents.
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Incident Management
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Emergency Management
ITS applications in emergency management include
hazardous materials management, the deployment of
emergency medical services, and large and
small-scale emergency response and evacuation
operations.
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Emergency Management
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Traveler Information
Traveler information applications use a variety
of technologies, including Internet websites,
telephone hotlines, as well as television and
radio, to allow users to make more informed
decisions regarding trip departures, routes, and
mode of travel. Ongoing implementation of the
designated 511 telephone number will improve
access to traveler information across the country.
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Information Management
ITS information management supports the
archiving and retrieval of data generated by
other ITS applications and enables ITS
applications that use archived information.
Decision support systems, predictive information,
and performance monitoring are some ITS
applications enabled by ITS information
management. In addition, ITS information
management systems can assist in transportation
planning, research, and safety management
activities.
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Crash, Prevention Safety
Crash prevention and safety systems detect
unsafe conditions and provide warnings to
travelers to take action to avoid crashes. These
systems provide alerts for traffic approaching at
dangerous curves, off ramps, restricted
overpasses, highway-rail crossings, high-volume
intersections, and also provide warnings of the
presence of pedestrians, and bicyclists, and even
animals on the roadway. Crash prevention and
safety systems typically employ sensors to
monitor the speed and characteristics of
approaching vehicles and also monitor roadway
conditions and visibility.
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Crash, Prevention Safety
These systems may be either permanent or
temporary. Some systems provide a general warning
of the recommended speed for prevailing roadway
conditions. Other systems provide a specific
warning by taking into account the particular
vehicle's characteristics (truck or car) and a
calculation of the recommended speed for the
particular vehicle based on conditions. In some
cases, manual systems are employed, for example
where pedestrians or bicyclists manually set the
system to provide warnings of their presence to
travelers.
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Electronic Payment Pricing
Electronic payment systems employ various
communication and electronic technologies to
facilitate commerce between travelers and
transportation agencies, typically for the
purpose of paying tolls and transit fares.
Pricing refers to charging motorists a fee or
toll that varies with the level of demand or with
the time of day.
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Road Weather Management
Road weather management activities include road
weather information systems (RWIS), winter
maintenance technologies, and coordination of
operations within and between state DOTs. ITS
applications assist with the monitoring and
forecasting of roadway and atmospheric
conditions, dissemination of weather-related
information to travelers, weather-related traffic
control measures such as variable speed limits,
and both fixed and mobile winter maintenance
activities.
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Intermodal Freight
ITS can facilitate the safe, efficient, secure,
and seamless movement of freight. Applications
being deployed provide for tracking of freight
and carrier assets such as containers and
chassis, and improve the efficiency of freight
terminal processes, drayage operations, and
international border crossings.
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Intelligent Vehicle
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Intelligent Vehicles
With the rapid development of the highway in the
world, traffic accidents are remarkably
increasing. They are often caused by drivers
themselves, such as their sleeping, telephone
talking, music entertaining, chatting and so on.
There is no way to make all drivers obey proper
driving rules to prevent traffic accidents from
happening. To solve the problem, the most
effective approach is to develop a new type of
vehicle, which can release drivers from its
operation, which is named as Intelligent Vehicle.
In recent years, the research on Intelligent
Vehicles is very active in some developed
countries.
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Categories

• Collision Avoidance System
• Driver Assistance System
• Collision Notification System

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Collision Avoidance System
To improve the ability of drivers to avoid
accidents, vehicle-mounted collision warning
systems (CWS) continue to be tested and deployed.
These applications use a variety of sensors to
monitor the vehicle's surroundings and alert the
driver of conditions that could lead to a
collision. Examples include forward collision
warning, obstacle detection systems, and road
departure warning systems.
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Driver Assistance System
Numerous intelligent vehicle technologies exist
to assist the driver in operating the vehicle
safely. Systems are available to aid with
navigation, while others, such as vision
enhancement and speed control systems, are
intended to facilitate safe driving during
adverse conditions. Other systems assist with
difficult driving tasks such as transit and
commercial vehicle docking.
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Driver Assistance System
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Collision Notification System
In an effort to improve response times and save
lives, collision notification systems have been
designed to detect and report the location and
severity of incidents to agencies and services
responsible for coordinating appropriate
emergency response actions. These systems can be
activated manually or automatically with
automatic collision notification and advanced
systems may transmit information on the type of
crash, number of passengers, and the likelihood
of injuries.
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ITS Technologies
Qammar Abbas Khan
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ITS Technologies
Intelligent Transportation Systems vary in
technologies applied, from basic management
systems such as car navigation, traffic signal
control systems, variable message signs or speed
cameras to monitoring applications such as
security CCTV systems, and then to more advanced
applications which integrate live data and
feedback from a number of other sources, such as
Parking Guidance and Information systems, weather
information, bridge de-icing systems, and the
like. Additionally, predictive techniques are
being developed, to allow advanced modeling and
comparison with historical baseline data.
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Categories

• Wireless Communication
• Computational Technologies
• Floating Car Data (FCD)
• Sensing Technologies
• Inductive Loop Detection
• Video Vehicle Detection

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Wireless Communication
Various forms of wireless communication
technologies have been proposed for Intelligent
Transportation Systems.
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Types

• Short Range Wireless Communication
• Long Range Wireless Communication

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Short Range Wireless Communication
Short range communications are used for less
than 500 yards. They are accomplished using IEEE
802.11 protocols, specifically WAVE or the
Dedicated Short Range Communications standard
being promoted by the Intelligent Transportation
Society of America and the United States
Department of Transportation. Theoretically the
range of these protocols can be extended using
Mobile ad-hoc networks or Mesh networking.
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Short Range Wireless Communication
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Long Range Wireless Communication
Longer range communications have been proposed
using infrastructure networks such as WiMAX (IEEE
802.16), Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) or 3G. Long-range communications using
these methods are well established, but, unlike
the short-range protocols, these methods require
extensive and very expensive infrastructure
deployment.
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Computational Technologies
Recent advances in vehicle electronics have led
to a move toward fewer more capable computer
processors on a vehicle. A typical vehicle in the
early 2000s would have between 20 and 100
individual networked microcontroller/Programmable
logic controller modules with non-real-time
operating systems. The current trend is toward
fewer more costly microprocessor modules with
hardware memory management and Real-Time
Operating Systems.
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The installation of operational systems and
processors in transportation vehicles have also
allowed software applications and artificial
intelligence systems to be installed. These
systems include internal control of model based
processes, artificial intelligence, ubiquitous
computing and other programs designed to be
integrated into a greater transportation system.
Perhaps the most important of these for
Intelligent Transportation Systems is artificial
intelligence.
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Floating Car Data (FCD)
Virtually every car contains one or more mobile
phones. These mobile phones routinely transmit
their location information to the network even
when no voice connection is established. These
cellular phones in cars are used as anonymous
traffic probes. As the car moves, so does the
signal of the mobile phone. By measuring and
analyzing triangulation network data in an
anonymized format the data is converted into
accurate traffic flow information.
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Floating Car Data (FCD)
Since this data is updated constantly throughout
the day, they can be used as traffic probes
showing points where there is traffic congestion,
the average traffic speed and traffic direction.
In metropolitan areas the distance between
antennas is shorter and, thus, accuracy
increases. Moreover, since this system has more
coverage, requires no costly infrastructures and
equipment like cameras or sensors and is not
affected by adverse weather including heavy rain,
it is one of the strongest contenders for
Intelligent Transportation Systems.
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Floating Car Data (FCD)
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Sensing Technologies
Sensing technologies have greatly enhanced the
technical capabilities and safety benefits of
Intelligent Transportation Systems around the
world. These sensors include inductive loops that
can sense the vehicles' speed, the number of
vehicles passing as well as the size of these
vehicles.
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Types

• Infrastructure Sensors
• Vehicle Sensors

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Infrastructure Sensors
Infrastructure sensors are devices that are
installed or embedded on the road, or surrounding
the road (buildings, posts, and signs for
example). These sensing technologies may be
installed during preventive road construction
maintenance or by sensor injection machinery for
rapid deployment of road in-ground sensors.
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Infrastructure Sensors
Acoustic Array Sensor Mounted Along Roadway
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Vehicle Sensors
Vehicle sensors are those devices installed on
the road or in the vehicle, new technology
development has also enabled cellular phones to
become anonymous traffic probes, already
explained in floating car data.
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Inductive Loop Detection
Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to
detect vehicles as they pass over the loop by
measuring the vehicle's magnetic field. The
simplest detectors simply count the number of
vehicles during a unit of time (typically 60
seconds in the United States) that pass over the
loop, while more sophisticated sensors estimate
the speed, length and weight of vehicles and the
distance between them. Loops can be placed in a
single lane or across multiple lanes, and they
work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well
as vehicles moving at high-speed.
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Inductive Loop Detection
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Video Vehicle Detection
Traffic flow measurement and Automatic Incident
Detection using video cameras is another form of
vehicle detection. Since video detection systems
do not involve installing any components directly
into the road surface or roadbed, this type of
system is known as a "non-intrusive" method of
traffic detection. Video from black-and-white or
color cameras is fed into processors that analyze
the changing characteristics of the video image
as vehicles pass. The cameras are typically
mounted on poles or structures above or adjacent
to the roadway.
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Video Vehicle Detection
Most video detection systems require some
initial configuration to teach, processor the
baseline background image. This usually involves
inputting known measurements such as the distance
between lane lines or the height of the camera
above the roadway. The typical output from a
video detection system is lane-by-lane vehicle
speeds, counts and lane occupancy readings. Some
systems provide additional outputs including gap,
headway, stopped-vehicle detection and wrong-way
vehicle alarms.
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Video Vehicle Detection
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Functions of ITS
Mr.M.Rizwan Sarwar
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SOME FUNCTIONS

• Manage and monitor the network traffic flows
• Provide information on the state of the network
• Fleet management (vehicle location)
• Trucks
• Buses
• Monitoring vehicle condition and status
• Trucks
• Buses

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SOME FUNCTIONS

• Autonomous systems
• Vehicle status
• Intelligent cruise control
• Obstacle detection

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SOME KEY ITS CONCEPTS-I

• The Need for Organization Innovation
• Public/Private Partnership
• All Levels of Government
• Changes in the Definition of a Transportation
  Professional
• Academic/Research Role

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SOME KEY ITS CONCEPTS-I

• The Role of the Auto Manufacturer
• The Role of the Information Service Providers
• The Size of the Public and Private Markets
• ITS as a National System
• Standards and Protocols

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SOME KEY ITS CONCEPTS-II

• Productivity and International Competitiveness
• Congestion
• Safety
• Sustainability
• Environment
• Energy
• Mobility
• Limits on Build More Highways Option

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ITS ISSUES in Pakistan

• High cost
• Space availability in developed areas for
  infrastructure of ITS.
• Low literacy rate.
• Non-availability of traffic professionals.
• Vehicle technology and maintenance problem.

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ITS in Pakistan

• Loop technology is in use at the major
  intersections of Lahore, such as
• Defence
• Mall Road
• Jail Road
• By using loops intersection capacity utilization
  is in operation.
• Cameras are in use at Shami Road for data
  collection.
• VMS being in use at different locations.

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ITS in Pakistan

• A pilot project of ITS on Ferozepur Road is
  proposed which include
• Incident management
• Traffic flow improvements
• Coordination of traffic signals
• Enroute and inroute driver information.
• CCTV
• Control Center
• Radio, TV and SMS to inform drivers.

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THANKS FOR BEING WITH US