Doors, Windows, and Glass

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Doors, Windows, and Glass
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Major Topics

• Doors
• Windows
• Hardware
• Glass
• Curtain Wall

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Doors

• Broad classification as exterior or interior
• Wood, metal, plastic, glass, or a combination of
  these materials are used to manufacture doors
• Considerations for selection of door include
• Fire resistance
• Cost
• Protection/Privacy
• Esthetics/Architectural Style

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Terms Associated with Doors

• Door Frames
• Jamb sides pieces
• Head overhead piece
• Sill on exterior doors (covered by threshold)
• Door Stop- strip against which door closes
• Panel Doors
• Stiles vertical members
• Rails horizontal members
• Muntins may be vertical or horizontal divide
  door into panels
• Right-Hand or Left-Hand used to describe
  swinging doors- depends on which side is hinged

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Types of Fire Doors

• Composite wood, steel, or plastic sheets bonded
  to and supported by a solid core material
• Hollow Metal flush or panel design consisting
  with no less than 20 gauge steel face
• Metal Clad flush or panel design consisting of
  metal-covered wood cores and insulated panels
  covered with steel of 24 gauge or lighter
• Sheet Metal 22 gauge or lighter steel of
  corrugated, flush sheet, or panel design
• Tin-Clad wood core with a terne plate or
  galvanized steel facing ( 30 or 24 gauge)
• Wood wood, hardboard, or plastic face sheets
  bonded to a wood block core material with
  untreated wood edges

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Metal Doors

• Most hollow core metal doors are made of carbon
  steel
• Most are filled with standard fireproof, rot
  proof, and sound-deadening material
• Insulated doors are filled with glass fiber or
  plastic foam insulation R-values range from
  8-15
• Grades range from 1 standard 2 heavy duty 3
  extra heavy duty grades used depends on type of
  building and locations in building

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Wood Doors

• Kiln-dried wood, moisture content 6-12
• Type 1 ---fully waterproof bond (ext. or int.)
• Type 2 --- water resistant bond, interior only
• May be solid or hollow core (S.C. or H.C.)
• Fire ratings range from 20 minutes to 1-1/2 hour
  for S.C. wood doors
• Typical thickness 1-3/8 (int.) 1-3/8 or 1-3/4
  (ext.)
• Standard single unit sizes range from 1 to 3
  width 6-8 to 8 height doesnt include
  sliding or patio door styles which are much wider

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Types of Wood Doors

• Flush hollow or solid core with wood veneers,
  hardboard or plastic laminates
• Panel assembled from stiles and rails
• Sash similar to panel door except that one or
  more panel is replaced with glass
• Louver composed of stile and rail frame with
  integral louvers
• Accordion folding narrow wood strips 31/2 to
  5 wide with fabric, plastic or metal hinges

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Door Operation

• Swinging hinged on one side or may have pivot
  hardware to allow for swinging in both directions
• Sliding overhead tracks with rollers (Pocket
  doors - slide into wall cavity)
• Folding hung on overhead tracks with rollers
  may be bi- or multi- fold in nature

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Weather Stripping

• Applied to door frames to prevent air leakage
• Common types include
• Foam rubber
• Felt
• Rolled vinyl
• Spring metal (V-strip)
• Interlocking metal

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Door Hardware -- Locks

• May be either standard, handicapped access,
  automatic, or security type.
• Lock types
• Key-in-knob
• Key-in-lever
• Mortise
• Interconnected
• Auxiliary (dead bolts)
• Security (electromagnetic)
• Padlock

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Door Hardware --Hinges

• There are many types of hinges available but
  common ones include butt, piano (invisible),
  offset, spring, pivot, and decorative.
• Materials from which hinges are made include
  coated steel, polished plated steel,
  chromium-plated metals, brass, bronze, and
  aluminum.
• Placement and number required varies according to
  door material and size
• All exterior or S.C. interior door gt7 in height
  should be hung with at least 3 hinges.
• Interior H.C. doors lt 7 in height need only 2
  hinges

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Special Doors

• Revolving prevent passage of cold and warm air
  and noise while always being open/closed
• Typical materials include stainless steel,
  aluminum, and copper alloys.
• Most doors are 6 - 8 feet in diameter, but may be
  larger for special applications (Nursing homes)

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Windows

• Related terms include rail, stile, sill, sash,
  panes or lights (glass), muntin (divides the
  lights), mullion
• Common materials include aluminum, steel
  (including stainless), wood, or clad materials
  Styrofoam core with wood cladding
• Wide range of sizes from 2 to 10 not
  including custom orders

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Window Typespage 248 figure 8-16

• Fixed
• Single or Double Hung
• Awning
• Sliding
• Casement
• Pivoted
• Jalousie

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Window Hardware - Locks

• Some basic types of locking devices for windows
  include
• Friction type includes a pin which screws into
  a receptacle
• Pin type a keyed device bolt slips into a hole
  drilled into the upper frame
• Wedge type spreads upper and lower sash apart
• Stop type uses a knob or other protrusion to
  prevent window from opening very far
• Key operated cam latch may be a fire hazard
  works similar to a pin type

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Glass

• The term glazing refers to the installation of
  vision panels or glass or plastic in a door,
  formed frame, window, packaged entrance,
  storefront, or glazed curtain wall.
• Glass has been made artificially for more than
  4500 years
• Romans 1st known window glass
• Germany 11th century glass hand-blown in
  spheres
• France 14th century Crown glass produced by
  blowing and twirling

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Glass

• Glass is produced from 3 major ingredients
• Sand (silica) 70
• Soda (sodium oxide) 12
• Lime (calcium oxide) 13
• About 50 other chemicals may be added to change
  the following properties
• Color
• Viscosity
• Durability
• Desired physical property

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Basic Types of Clear Glass

• Window or Sheet
• Manufactured by a horizontal flat or vertical
  draw process
• Float
• Manufactured by floating molten glass on a
  surface of molten tin, then annealing slowly to
  produce a transparent flat glass. This eliminates
  grinding and polishing (most glass in US produced
  using this method 90)
• Plate
• Transparent flat glass is ground and polished
  after rolling.

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Variations of Basic Glass Types

• Patterned rolled or figured glass run through
  rollers which are etched to produce a design on
  one side
• Wire embedded welded square or diamond wire
• Cathedral art glass, stained glass usually
  1/8 thick, in many colors, textures, and
  patterns
• Obscure one or both surfaces of glass are
  sandblasted or acid etched (weakens glass)
• Heat-absorbing or Tinted
• Insulating high thermal resistance fuse 2
  pieces of glass together with ¾ space filled
  with a dry gas (often Argon)

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Variations cont

• Reflective care must be taken to avoid
  scratching
• Heat-Strengthened greatly increased mechanical
  strength and resistance to thermal stresses 2
  times as strong as annealed glass
• Tempered 4-5 times as strong as annealed when
  brokenforms small cubed fragments which are much
  safer than annealed glass
• Laminated (Safety) tough, clear plastic
  polyvinyl butyral sheet (interlayer) is
  sandwiched between plies of other glass. When it
  breaks the particles adhere to the plastic film
• Security a plastic film of a min. of 0.06 in.
  thick in 3 to 5 plies of glass (overall thickness
  ¾ to 3)

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Curtain Wall

• A building wall that does not carry any roof or
  floor load
• Typically located above the first level of a
  structure (unlike storefront)
• Consists mainly of metal, glass, and other
  surfacing material supported in a metal framework