Haemoflagellate

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Haemoflagellate
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Haemoflagellate
( Subphylum Mastigophora )

• - ???????????? flagellate ??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ????????????? (Invertebrate)

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• ????????????????????????????
• ??????????? 2 genera ???
• Leishmania
• Trypanosoma

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• ?????????????????????? Suborder
  Trypanosomatina ?????????????????????????????????
  ?? 4 ??? ???
• 1. Leishmania form
• ?????????????? oval shape
• ????????
• - ???????? ???????? Amastigote

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Nucleus
Kinetoplast
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2. Leptomonas form - ???????? ????????
Promastigote
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3. Crithidia from - ???????? ????????
Epimastigote
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4. Trypanosoma from - ???????? ????????
Trypomastigote
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????????????????????? (Developmental froms)

• ????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ??????????????
• 1. ???????
• 2. Anterior flagellum

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3. Undulating membrane 4. Nucleus 5. Kinetoplast
(??????????? DNA ??? Mitochondia)
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Leishmania

• ????? species ??????????????????? ??????
• 1. Leishmania donovani
• ???????????? Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)
• ??????????????? ?????????????????? ????
• ??????????
• ????????????? Macrophages ?????????????
• ???????????? (Reticuloendothelial system)

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2. Leishmania tropica - ????????????
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (Oriental sore )
- ??????????????? ?????????????? -
?????????????????????? Macrophages ???
??????? ????????????????????????
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• 3. Leishmania brazilliensis
• ???????????? Mucocutaneous
• Leishmaniasis ( Espundia )
• ??????????????? ?????????????? ???
• ?? ???????
• ???????????? Macrophages ???
• ??????????????????????????

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• ??????? (Life cycle)
• ???????????? 2 ????
• 1. ??????????????????????? (Vertebrate)
• - ?????? Amastigote ( Leishmania form)
• - ???????? Leishmaniasis (?????????????
• ?????? Amastigote ????????????????
• Leishmania form
• - ????????????? Macrophages

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• 2. Vector
• ?????? ??????? Sandfly
• ( Phlebotomus sp. )
• ?????? Promastigote
• (Leptomonas form)
• ????????????? Digestive tract ???????

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• Amastigote stage (Leishmania form)
• ??????? oval ???? round (???? 2-5
• um X 1-3 um)
• Promastigote stage (Leptomonas form)
• ??? 20 um

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???????????????? ????? Leishmania spp.
L. donovani L. tropica
L. brazilliensis 1. ??? Visceral
Leishmaniasis Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
(kala-azar) (Oriental sore)
(Espundia) 2. Distribution ???, ???????
??????, ???????????? ??????????
??????????, ????????????????
??????? ????????????????
??????????? ??? ???????????
???, ?????
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???????????????? ????? Leishmania spp.
L. donovani L.
tropica L. brazilliensis 3. Morphology
??????????????????? ??????????????????????
?? ?????????????? specimen
??????????????????? 4. Life cycle ??
vertebrate ???????
?????????????????,
?????????? organ
??? ????????? ???, ????,
?????????????
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???????????????? ????? Leishmania spp.
L. donovani L. tropica L.
brazilliensis 5. Clinical ??????????
???????????? ????????????
?????? ?????????????
???????????????? ???, ????,
???????????????
6. Diagnosis 1.
??????????? 1. ??????????? 1.
??????????? amastigote ??
????????? fluid macrophages
2. Culture ????????? 2. Sero Test
2. Sero Test ?? Media
NNN (Nicol, Novy Mc
Neal) 3. Serological Test
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Mode of infection

• ????????????? ???????? Sandfly ?????
• ?????????????
• ????????????????? Promastigote (???????
  ??????????????????????????)

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??????????????? ????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????? Bone marrow -
?????????????????????? ( Septicemia ) -
???????????????????????????????????
(Bronchopneumonia)
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??????????????? (Diagnosis)
- ??????????????????????????? ??????????
???????????????? ??????????????
?????????????? - ???????????????????????????
Novy-Nicolle-McNeal Medium
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???????? (Treatment) - ????????????????????
?????????????? ????? ????? ??????????????????
Antibiotic ???? ??????? secondary infection
- ???????????????????????????????????? ??????
??????? ????? Sodium stibogluconate (???????
??? ??? Pentostam) ???? N-methyl-glucamine
antimonate
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• Visceral leishmaniasis ????? Sodium
• stibogluconate , glucamine
• antimonate ????????????????????????
• ??????????? amphothericin B ???
• pentamidine ?????????????????

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• ???????????????????
• (Prevention and Control)
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????

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