Thoracic wall

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Thoracic wall -Skin -Superficial fascia -deep
fascia
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Muscles of respiration It includes muscles which
are used in ordinary respiratiratory effort This
group includes 3 groups of muscles 1- 3 muscles
which connect vertebral column to the ribs
-Serratus posterior superior -Serratus
posterior inferior -Levator costorum
2- 3 groups of muscles which connect adjacent
ribs -External intercostal muscles (11
pairs) -Internal intercostal muscles (11
pairs) -Innermost intercostal 3- The muscle
which fill-in the thoracic outlet the
diaphragm which forms the thoraco-abdominal
partition
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Intercostal muscles 1- External intercostal
muscle Origin, insertion, direction 2- Internal
intercostal muscle Origin, insertion,
direction 3- Innermost intercostal muscle
transversus thoracic Origin, insertion, direction
Nerve supply and action
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2
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Respiratory Movement A- Quite
inspiration During inspiration, movements of
thoracic wall and diaphragm result in an increase
in all diameters of the thorax 1- Vertical
diameter It is increased by contraction
(descent) of the diaphragm 2- Transverse
diameter Bucket-handle movements 3-
Anteroposterior diameter Pump- handle
movements B- Forced inspiration more muscles
are called in action as muscles of head and neck
and upper limb C- Quite expiration elastic
recoil D- Forced expiration forcible
contraction of muscles of anterior abdominal wall
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Intercostal nerves .They are the ventral rami
of thoracic nerves .They are 11 pairs subcostal
nerves .3- 6 are called typical intercostal
nerves . First, second and lower 5 intercostals
are atypical intercostal nerves
VAN
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Intercostal arteries Anterior intercostal
arteries -2 in each space except lower 2
spaces - They are branches of internal
thoracic artery and musculophrenic
artery Posterior intercostal arteries -
One in each space (11 in No) - They are
branches of thoracic Aorta and costocervical
trunk
Thoracic Aorta
VAN
Internal thoracic artery
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Interernal mammary artery Originates from the
1st part of subclavian artery Terminates at the
6th CC-------and gives musculophrenic and
superior epigastric arteries
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Intercostal veins Anterior intercostal veins
-----internal thoracic vein Posterior
intercostal veins Rt-----azygos vein
Lt----hemiazygos vein superior vena
cava
Hemiazygos vein
Azygos vein
VAN
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