DR.K.S.MANJA

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DR.K.S.MANJA Visiting Professor Sir.M.Visvesvaraya
Chair University Of Mysore
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• Psychological Ethics
• Economic Ethics
• Social Ethics
• Animal Ethics
• Social Literacy
• Technological Literacy
• Scientifically Right
• Ethically Wrong
• Laboratory Ethics
• Sink testing

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• Group antagonistic to BT
• Alter Consumer Perception of facts
• Gap in scientific and religious group
• Fear of unknown
• Risk communication
• Regulatory bodies- FDA, FSSA
• Unreasonable demands
• Impediment to Food BT
• Is it ethically right
• Legality ?

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• Food Biotech Industry
• Advancement in Science
• Govt. regulations
• Consumer resistance Eu, Japan ---- US
• Religious group
• GM Food 28/2/00
• Edinburgh. Tony Blair
• Protest group

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BT Sweet Protein

• Monellin
• Thaumatin
• Pentadin
• Curculin clone
• Miraculin clone
• 1600 3000 times sweeter
• Disulfide bridge
• Heat stability
• Aspartame -Asp Phy.Alenine
• Thermo -stable amylases

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• Gene Com
• PFIZER
• MICROBIAL RENNINS
• Microbial flavours
• Coconut flavour - T. viride
• Plant tissue culture for safron

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Allergens in GM Foods

• Soya bean - Metheonine
• Brazil nut

• Consumer perception
• Not equivalent to native crops
• Psychological ethics

• Milk
• Nuts
• Variety of vegetables

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Ethical Aspects

• Dietary laws
• Muslim
• Jews
• Hindus
• Vegans
• Halal
• Kosher
• Veg (True / Lacto)

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Muslim foods

• Humane way
• Name of Allah
• Mixing permitted

• Prohibited
• Haram
• Dead
• Porcine / Swine
• Blood
• Other Gods (Carnivorous)

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Ethnic Group

• Kosher - Jews
• Four genders
• Meat
• Dairy (Cannot be mixed)
• Neutral (other animals)
• None of the above
• Different laws for fasting
• Fermentation (No mixture)
• Kosher certification

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• Bone China
• Clothe
• Pot
• Prohibited
• Holiday fast Wheat, Oat, Rye
• Prohibited grains
• Insertion of genes from prohibited grains
• A warning to BT
• Products cannot be sold
• BT are doing unethical for then ?

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• Porcine Somatotrophins - No
• Non bovine rennet - cheese
• Microbial rennins - yes
• Jews - Porcine lipase. Cheese - yes
• Transgenic Products
• Prohibited mixtures
• Mules prohibited
• Bovine genes - vegans ?
• BST (sheep, goat) - Hindu

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Int. Food Biotech Council

• Sources of allergens (Ig E)
• Milk
• Fish
• Egg
• Wheat
• 160 other food crops
• Unknown allergic potential
• Skin prick test
• Double blind Placebo trial
• Non food source (gene)
• Eg. Bacillus

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Ethics of labelling

• To be labelled or not
• Pesticide residue
• Relevant and unstandable
• Curds with 108 cfu/g (microbes)
• Sugar with 105 /g (spores)
• Milk powder / ice cream
• 90 coliforms/g (intestinal germs)
• Sambar powder with 107/g
• Virus and drug resistant genes
• 10 Rat hairs in one kg rice

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• Consumer confidence
• Right of choice
• Fear of consequence
• Things to hide
• Consumer activist orgn.
• Campaign of suppression
• Industry resistance
• Religious and other groups
• Codex alimentarius

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Increasing litigation

• Garibaldi, Australia
• Criminal charges of murder
• Time spent by biotechnologists
• Courts
• Police
• Lawyers
• Look beyond your boundaries
• Not science alone - ethics also

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Economic ethics

• Terminator gene technology
• Gene protection technology
• Ribosome Inhibitor Protein
• Formers
• Ecological/ Social responsibility
• Monsanto/Soft milling
• Seed ownership/dictatorship
• Bollgard technology
• Food fascism
• Second generation is skilled
• Indian scenario - Ethics
• Private ownership - Life forms

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• Spreading infertility ?
• Dominance of giant companies
• Industrial mergers
• Killing new technologies
• Patent act 1970 -1999. Amendments
• TT no agronomic advantage
• Greater Profit
• Verminator - No spouting before harvest
• Poineer
• Monsanto
• Novartis

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• Monsanto swallowed Ten companies in the last
  decade
• Money power - BT
• Kellogs Breakfast
• MAHYCO - Monsanto (24 times)
• Legally right
• Ethically ?
• Exchange saved seeds
• Scientist - Social sensitivity

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Social ethics

• Test tube baby
• Stem cell therapy
• Social matrix
• Human milk from animal source
• Human Growth Hormone
• Gene products across the barrier of species and
  Sex

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Tissue engineering

• Small arteries from swine
• Cornea, Liver
• Swine stem cell ?
• Biomaterials for drug delivery
• Swine heart ?
• Surgery Trg - Johnson Johnson
• Heart valve
• Cornea
• Swine flue

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BT and Biological warfare

• 1972 BW Convention
• BWTC
• Genetically modified pathogens
• Deliberate contamination
• Plant pathogens
• Rabbit - Myxomatosis in Australia
• Drug resistant strains
• Great Briton Gruniard Island
• Anthrax spores
• Took 80 years to decontaminate

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Laboratory Ethics

• Oregon in USA 1984
• Rajaneeshpuram
• S. typhimurium
• Political gain
• Disgruntled employees
• Texas medical lab 1996
• Shigella - Bacillary dysentery

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Animal Ethics - Biotech products

• It is unethical to expose - Unconsenting
  
• creatures to harm when the benefit is for
  others
• How successful are animal expt. ?
• Thalidomide - Teratogeny
• Eraldin - Blindness
• Mexafom - Optic nerve
• Drugs withdrawn
• Opren, Zomax, Ibufenae etc

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Legal aspects

• Rules for hazardous microbes / Genetically
• eng. Microbes 1989. Min. Environ. Forestry
• Recombinant DNA safety guidelines and
• regulations DBT, Min. Sci. Tecnhnol.
• Labeling of GM products - codex
• Food Safety and Standards 2005
• Min. Food Proc. Industry

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• Social literary for Scientists
• Science and technological literacy for society
• As the politics is imbibed in the society
• Science should be imbibed in the same way

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Thanks UGC
University of Mysore
Dept. of Microbiology