Nationalism in India

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Nationalism in India
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Vocabulary

• Colonialism-
• the control or governing influence of a nation
  over a dependent country, territory, or people.
• Nationalism-
• The belief that people should be loyal to those
  with whom they share common history, customs,
  origins, and sometimes language or religion.
  People who share these things often think of
  themselves as a distinct nation.

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Under Colonialism

• Many Indians felt as they were being treated as
  second-class citizens
• British citizens living in India were given
  better jobs and education as well as positions of
  authority
• Indians living under British rule were deprived
  opportunities to succeed in their own countries

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Under Colonialism

• British East India Company-
• wanted to exploit trade with East Asia, Southeast
  Asia, and India
• Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
• Sepoy was an Indian soldier in the British army
  
• Large numbers of Sepoys mutinied against the
  British army
• In 1858, the British government took direct
  command over India.
• By 1873, the company had lost its power.

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• Rebellious States
• Jhajjar, Dadri, Farukhnagar and Bahadurgarh
• Amjhera
• Shagarh
• Biaj Raghogarh
• Singhbum
• Nargund
• Shorapur

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Groups Advocating the Rights of Indians

• Indian National Congress
• Founded in 1885
• Attracted mainly Indian Hindus
• Muslim League
• Founded in 1906
• Attracted Indians who followed
• Islam
• Lucknow Pact (1916)
• Alliance between the 2 groups

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Start of Nationalism

• Years of contact with the British taught the
  Indians about the Western ideas of Democracy and
  Self-Government
• Indians joined the British during World War I,
  hoping to be rewarded with more control of their
  government
• Britain promised India they would help them work
  toward self-government

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Leaders of Indian Independence

• Mohandas K. Gandhi.
• believed in nonviolent resistance as well as a
  full boycott on all things British (including
  goods, schools and universities, and courts)
• Civil disobedience- breaking unfair laws using
  non-violence
• Marches
• Speeches
• Protests
• Media
• Fasting

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Rowlatt Act (1919)

• Passed during WWI to control the public
• Effectively authorized the government to
  imprison, without trial, any person suspected of
  terrorism
• Protestors and anyone who spoke out against the
  government was arrested without trial for up to 2
  years.

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Amritsar Massacre (1919)

• Peaceful gathering of men, women, and children in
  a garden area in Amritsar for a religious
  celebration
• British soldiers fired on the crowd claiming they
  were there illegally
• About 400 deaths and more than 200 wounded.
• United the country against the British

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Amritsar Massacre (1919)

• "The incident in Jallian Wala Bagh was an
  extraordinary event, a monstrous event, an event
  which stands in singular and sinister isolation".
  
• Winston Churchill

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Partition of India

• When the British finally agreed to grant India
  its independence, the cooperation between the
  Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims began to
  diminish
• The Muslim League called for a separate country
  for the Muslim minority
• The British agreed it would be best to divide the
  country based on the concentration of Hindus and
  Muslims

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Partition of India

• The country was divided into 3 parts, creating
  two new countries
• East West Pakistan

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Indian Independence

• August 15th, 1947
• India gained its freedom from British colonial
  rule and became an independent nation

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Summary

• Explain the role of Nationalism that led to
  Indias independence. Include the following in
  your summary
• Role of colonialism
• Gandhi and Non-violence
• Rowlett Act
• Amritsar Massacre
• Partition of India