LEAD-TIME REDUCTION IN

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LEAD-TIME REDUCTION IN MILITARY
LOGISTICS By Yunus Emre KARAMANOGLU
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Content

• Introduction
• Military logistics and Commercial logistics
• Literature review
• Importance of Lead-Time in Military
• The Model Used in Turkish Army
• Question Answers

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Introduction

• The dictionary defines logistics as the branch of
  military science having to do with moving,
  supplying and quartering troops.
• These definitions imply that logistics involves
  the care and feeding of combat forces and is
  supported by significant calculations.

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Introduction

• Logistics and lead-time reduction are very
  important topics especially in battlefield.
• BECAUSE
• If military logistics is done well, it is a
  significant combat multiplier.
• If it is not done well, it can lead to
  disaster.
• There is an old say
• For want of the nail a shoe was lost, for
  want of a shoe the horse was lostultimately, the
  war was lost, all for want of a nail.

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Military and Commercial Logistics

• Military logistics and commercial logistics are
  parts of the same industry.
• Both are concerned with
• Focused Logistics,
• Precision and Velocity,
• Coordinated Delivery Schedules,
• Fast and Flexible Distribution,
• Good Infrastructure and Equipment at DCs.

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Military and Commercial Logistics
The military supply chain management system looks
at

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Military and Commercial Logistics
Military and Commercial readiness
(realizing optimal procurement, supply,
maintenance and distribution times) can be
defined as the optimization of available
resources to operate in a possible unforeseen
event.
A through assessment of supplies, resources and
manpower are needed to be matched with the needs
of the unforeseen event under surge
circumstances.
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Military and Commercial Logistics
Whether for deployment or other emergency
situations such as natural disasters, army has to
be equipped with the best readiness resources.
To do so requires the achievement of these
national goals

• a) Standardization of commercial and military
  logistics metrics and equipment,
• b) Real-time stock-age information (It is
  important to have the most current supply
  status),
• c) Minimal customer wait time.

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Military and Commercial Logistics

• The price of military components is so high that
  forward stocking all the possible parts needed is
  not be realistic.
• What may benefit the military is the use of
  technology to signal when supplies from the
  authorized stockage lists reach a low point so
  that the parts can be delivered reliably to
  forward support activities.

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Literature Review

• Coleman and Abrams (1961) considered a
  mathematical model for operational readiness.
  They developed an operational-readiness model in
  terms of military-type equipment, which includes
  uncertain test results and failures caused by
  testing.
• Denicoff et al. (1967) considered the problem
  of ranking items according to their worth, where
  each item has associated with it a vector of
  attributes.
• Gross and Soriano (1969) considered the effect
  of reducing lead time on inventory levels and
  used a simulation analysis for this problem.
• Levin and Friedman (1982) addressed the
  problem of how to deploy military support units
  to achieve maximum effectiveness which is
  similar to a multi-period warehouse location
  model.

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Literature Review

• Pyke (1990) presented a simulation study for a
  two-echelon system for repairable parts for
  electronic equipment on military aircrafts.
• Moinzadeh and Schmidt (1991) investigated the
  use of emergency replenishments for a
  single-echelon model with deterministic
  lead-times.
• Schrady and Wadsworth (1991) considered the
  level and seriousness of the interactions between
  logistics and tactical decisions.
• Kang et al. (1998) described two simulation
  models for repair processes of aircraft in the
  navy, and suggested ways to reduce cycle time and
  improve readiness.

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Literature Review

• In 1998 in a study-conducted by RAND Arroyo
  Center, a new concept Velocity Management (VM)
  initiative entered to the military terminology.
• Gue (2003) developed a multi-period facility
  location and material flow model and showed how
  to configure the land-based distribution system
  over time to support a given battle plan with
  minimum inventory.

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Importance of Lead-Time in Military

• In every supply chain, lead-time has different
  importance.
• In military logistics, reduction of lead-time is
  very important especially in wartime period.
• For that reason, every Army has different
  scenarios for both

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Importance of Lead-Time in Military

• Especially in battlefield, the aim of the
  logistics support units is to send the items to
  the right place at the right time, because this

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The Model Used in Turkish Army
Turkish Army
AIR FOCES
NAVY
LAND FORCES
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The Model Used in Turkish Army

• For the basic logistics items, in peacetime, all
  of the forces use periodic review policy.
• In wartime period, all of the forces use
  continuous review policy.

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The Model Used in Turkish Army

• Classification of the logistic materials
• 1st class materials Foods,water, etc.
• 2nd class materialsWeapon ,vehicle parts, etc.
• 3rd class materials Fuel,gas, etc.
• 4th class materials Special mission equipments
  (Night vision devices, NBC equipments, etc.)
• 5th class materials All kinds of ammunitions.

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The Model Used in Turkish Army (Current Model)
Current system being used in the Army
MAIN DEPOT (Army depot)
REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION CENTERS (Army corps depots)
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
A typical distribution flow of current system
materials taken from outside
L0
L1
L3
L2
LTL0L1L2L3
LTSome time 1 or 2 years
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
Current system
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
The Logic of the proposed system
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The Model Used in Turkish Army(New model)
Coordination Center
INFORMATION FLOWS
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
The New System reduces Lead-time
L0
materials taken from outside
L3
LTL0L3
LT 5 or 6 months
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
The differences between the current and the new
concept
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The Model Used in Turkish Army
What is the difference between the current
proposed ?
Lead-Time current gt Lead-Time new
Operational Readiness current lt Operational
Readiness new
Response Time current gt Response Time new
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The Model Used in Turkish Army

• Advantages of the current model
  Disadvantages of the current model
• Low cost (Transportation Holding)
  Complex flow of the materials
• Planned activities
  Small ratio of op.
  readiness
• Low technology requirement
  High of echelons
• 
  Long
  lead-times
• 
  Long
  response times
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  Failures in the
  replenishments
• Advantages of proposed model
  Disadvantages of proposed model
• Increase in the ratio of operational readiness
  High cost
• Reduction in lead-times of the materials
  High technology requirement
• Decrease in the response times
  Requires a very complex coordination
• Right place -Right time replenishment
  

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QA