Physical Education and Activity for Kids

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Physical Education and Activity for Kids
Sponsored by Human Kinetics The University of
North Texas Developed by The UNT Department of
Kinesiology, Health Promotion, Recreation
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UNT Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion,
Recreation Faculty involved in PEAK

• Karen Weiller, Ph.D.
• Scott Martin, Ph.D.
• James Morrow, Jr., Ph.D.
• Allen Jackson, Ed.D.
• Miguel Perez, Ph.D.
• Patsy Caldwell, Ed.D.

www.coe.unt.edu/khpr/ProjectPEAK/PEAKindex.htm
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Topics Covered

• Physical Activity and Health
• Minority Issues Related to Physical Activity and
  Health
• Teaching Physical Education to Promote Physical
  Activity
• Changing Directions

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Physical Activity and Health
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The Importance of Physical Activity 460 BC to 1996

• "Eating alone will not keep a man well he must
  also exercise..." -- Hippocrates (460-370 BC)
• "...we can team up to create a new physical
  activity movement in this country. In doing so,
  we will save precious resources, precious
  futures, and precious lives. The time for action
  - and activity - is now. -- Donna E. Shalala,
  Secretary of Health and Human Services, 1996

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Who Recommends Physical Activity for Health

• American Academy of Pediatrics
• American Cancer Society
• American College of Sports Medicine
• American Diabetic Association
• American Heart Association
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Surgeon General of the United States
• World Health Organization
• and many others...

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Surgeon General Comment

• "Given the numerous benefits of physical
  activity, the hazards of being inactive are
  clear. Physical inactivity is a serious,
  nationwide problem. Its scope poses a public
  health challenge for reducing the national burden
  of unnecessary illness and premature death.

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Physical Activity and Exercise Should Lead to
Improved Health Related Physical Fitness

• Cardiorespiratory endurance
• Body fatness
• Musculoskeletal fitness

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Physical Activity Patterns in Young Children are
Not Good
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Physical Activity Patterns in Adolescents and
Young Adults
Physical Activity Levels of Adolescents and Young
Adults, by Age and Sex
100
90
80
Percentage
70
60
50
40
30
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Age
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Which Leads to Lower Cardiovascular Endurance
Levels in Adolescents (Especially Girls)...

• One-Mile Run Passing Rates
• Fitnessgram Standards

100
90
80
Percentage
70
60
50
40
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18
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Age
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...and Increased Body Fatness as Children Age
Skinfold Comparison
NHESII With NCYFSII
30.00
20.00
Median Skinfold Sum
10.00
0.00
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Age
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Healthy People 2000

• National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
  Objectives

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1995 Midcourse Review of Healthy People 2000
Objectives

• Bad news for Physical Education and Physical
  Activity
• Failure to make progress toward physical
  education and activity objectives

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U.S. Surgeon General Comments

• "Daily enrollment in physical education classes
  has declined among high school students from 42
  in 1991 to 25 in 1995
• "Only 19 of all high school students report
  being physically active 20 minutes or more in
  daily physical education classes.
• "Interventions targeting physical
  education...school can substantially increase the
  amount of time students spend being physically
  active in physical education class.

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Good Physical Education Programs Emphasize

• Enjoyment
• Positive attitudes
• Health benefits

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Physically Active Children and Adolescents Tend
to be Physically Active Adults

• Overweight adolescents tend to be overweight
  adults

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Quality Physical Education and Regular Physical
Activity in Childhood and Adolescence

• Improves strength and endurance
• Helps build healthy bones and muscles
• Helps control weight
• Reduces anxiety and stress and increases
  self-esteem
• May improve blood pressure and cholesterol levels

U.S. Department of Health Human Services
(March, 1997)
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Minority Issues Related to Physical Activity and
Health
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Minority Issues Related to Physical Activity and
Health

• Physical inactivity has been found to negatively
  affect the health status of minority groups in
  the U.S.

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Physical Activity Among Minorities

• In a national study, Blacks and Hispanics were
  more likely than Whites to have used a bicycle in
  the last week.
• Minority young women are less likely than other
  groups to be physically active.
• Whites are more likely than other groups to do
  strength exercises.

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Market Physical Activity Programs as Recreational
Activities
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Promote Team and Individual Activities
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Promote Outdoor Activities
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Provide a Safe Environment
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Teaching Physical Education to Promote Physical
Activity

• Developmentally Appropriate
• National Standards
• Foundations of Personal Fitness

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Developmentally Appropriate Physical Education

• Developed by Council on Physical Education for
  Children (COPEC, 1992)
• Identify appropriate practices for childrens
  physical education programs

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Purpose of COPEC Document

• Provide guidelines for teachers, parents,
  administrators, policy makers
• Identify practices appropriate for childrens
  physical education programs

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What is a Physically Educated Person?

• NASPE (1990)
• HAS learned physical skills
• DOES participate regularly
• IS physically fit
• KNOWS implications/benefits
• VALUES physical activity

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Appropriate Practices

• Concept development
• Movement education/framework basis
• Variety of locomotor, non-locomotor
  manipulative skills
• Scope sequence goals objectives

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Appropriate Fitness Development

• Value importance of fitness
• Ongoing process of physical health well-being

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Fitness Development

• Developmentally Appropriate
• contribution of fitness to a healthy lifestyle
• Developmentally Inappropriate
• participation in fitness activities required with
  little understanding of relationship presented

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Physical Fitness Tests

• Developmentally Appropriate
• part of ongoing process of physical health
  well-being
• test results shared privately
• Developmentally Inappropriate
• tests given as requirement
• lack of application

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Why is This Important to Me?

• Recognizing best practices for children
• Integrating curriculum (e.g., TAAS, TEKS)
• Application of COPEC document for programming

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National Standards for Physical Education

• Identify What A Physically Educated Person Can Do

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Can Do Many Activities and is Proficient in a Few

• Team sports
• Individual sports
• Dance
• Outdoor activities
• Fitness activities
• Aquatics

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Knows How to

• Maintain a healthy level of physical fitness.
• Learn new motor skills.

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Exhibits a Physically Active Lifestyle

• Enjoyment of participation is demonstrated by
  involvement in physical activities outside of
  physical education classes.

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Achieves and Maintains a Healthy Fitness Status

• This includes
• Knowledge of concepts and principles of health
  related fitness.
• Skills needed to change ones level of fitness.
• Commitment to an active lifestyle.

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Demonstrates Responsible Behavior in Activity
Settings

• Teamwork
• Sportsmanship
• Plays by the rules
• Positive social interaction

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Respects Differences Among All People

• Skill level
• Culture
• Race
• Physical characteristics
• Disabilities

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Understands Benefits of Physical Activity

• Challenge
• Self-expression
• Social interaction
• Fun

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Contributions of Standards to Local Schools

• Describes a physically educated person
• Provides K-12 benchmarks for achievement
• Suggestions are made for assessment of skills,
  knowledge, and attitudes

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Foundations of Personal Fitness

• A New Requirement for High School Students

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A Stairway to Lifelong Participation in a Healthy
and Active Lifestyle
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Content Includes

• Knowledge about
• disease prevention
• physiological principles of exercise
• relationship between body composition and
  nutrition
• designing a personal exercise program

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Content Includes

• Participation in
• Weight training
• Varied aerobic activities
• Assessment of personal fitness
• A personal fitness program

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Content Includes

• Laboratory Activities
• for analysis of nutritional status
• development of fitness goals
• analysis of health benefits of consumer products
• assessment of health related fitness

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Changing Directions
Its not up to you alone!
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Who Can Help Promote Lifelong Physical Activity?

• Everyone Can
• Parents or Guardians
• Teachers and Coaches
• School Administrators and Board Members
• Students
• Community Sports and Recreation Program
  Coordinators

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Guidelines for Promoting Lifelong Physical
Activity Among All People

• Provide time for quality physical education and
  activity
• Individualize activities
• Participate in a variety of physical activities
• Focus instructional feedback on process, not
  product
• Be an active role model
• Teach positive approaches to lifetime activity
• Promote activity in a variety of settings

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Action Tips

• Physical activity is good for the health status
  of the population.
• Physical activity helps increase physical
  stamina.
• Physical activity enhances mental health.

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Action Tips

• Provide an environment conducive to physical
  activity.
• Encourage friendly competition and cooperation.
• Promote the development of confidence in young
  adults.

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Action Tips

• Be a role model. Exercise with your children.
• Encourage participation through extended after
  school programs.
• Involve health care providers.

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References
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References

• Corbin, C.B., Pangrazi, R.P. (1997) Guidelines
  for appropriate physical activity for elementary
  school children. Council for Physical Education
  for Children.
• Fardy, P.S., White, R.E., Clark, L.T., Amodio,
  G., Hurster, M.H., McDermott, K.J., Magel, J.R.
  (1995). Health promotion in minority
  adolescents A Healthy People 2000 pilot study.
  Journal of Caridopulmonary Resuscitation, 15(1),
  65-72.

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References

• Lewis, C.E., Raczynski, J.M., Heath, G.W.,
  Levinson, R., Hilyer, J.C., Cutter, G.R.
  (1993). Promoting physical activity in
  low-income African-American communities The PARR
  Project. Ethnicity and Disease, 3(2), 106-118.
• Myers, H.F., Kagawa-Singer, M., Kumanyika, S.K.,
  Lex, B.W., Markides, K.S. (1995). Behavioral
  risk factors related to chronic diseases in
  ethnic minorities. Health Psychology, 14(7),
  613-621.

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References

• National Association for Sport and Physical
  Education. (1995). Moving Into the Future
  National Physical Education Standards A Guide to
  Content and Assessment. St. Louis Mosby.
• Pate, R.R., Heath, G.W., Dowda, M., Trost, S.G.
  (1996). Associations between physical activity
  and other behaviors in a representative sample of
  US adolescents. American Journal of Public
  Health, 86 (11), 1577-1581.
• Rainey, D., Murray, T. (1997). Foundations of
  Personal Fitness. St.Paul West Publishing
  Company.

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References

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  (1996). Healthy people 2000 Midcourse review
  and 1995 revisions. Washington, DC Government
  Printing Office.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  (1996). Physical activity and health A report of
  the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA U.S. Department
  of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease
  Control and Prevention, National Center for
  Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.

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References

• Zakarian, J.M., Hovell, M.F., Hofstetter, C.R.,
  Sallis, J.F., Keating, K.J. (1994). Correlates
  of vigorous exercise in a predominantly low SES
  and minority high school population. Preventive
  Medicine, 23(3), 314-321.

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Acknowledgements

• The authors wish to thank Human Kinetics and the
  College of Education at the University of North
  Texas for their financial support. Also, a
  special thanks is extended to Patrick Baley and
  P. Jason Leslie for their technical assistance in
  the development of Project Peak and Connie
  Martinez for translating Project PEAK into
  Spanish.

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Focus Group Assessment
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Focus Group Assessment
The purpose of this project is to develop a
multimedia, motivational package designed to
demonstrate the value of lifetime physical
activity and the role physical education plays in
maintaining healthy and active lifestyles.

• Please respond to the following questions about
  this multimedia presentation.
• Does this media presentation meet the stated
  objective? Yes
  No
• comments
• What did you like about the media presentation?
• What did you not like about the media
  presentation?
• Identify changes/additions which you believe
  would better address the stated project purpose.

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