Bhoomi

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School of Good Governance And Policy Analysis
National Workshop on Disseminating Information on
Good Practices in Public Service Delivery June
5, 2009

• BHOOMI-Management of Land Records in Karnataka
• Shri Rajiv Chawla,
• Secretary (Survey Settlement),
• Government of Karnataka

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(No Transcript)
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The project happened in Karnataka
The genesis
The concept
Achievements
Benefits
Learnings
Road Ahead
Award Criteria

• Project coverage
• 7 million farmers 35 million beneficiaries
• 20 million land records (0.6 hectare average size
  of holding)
• 202 project locations serving farmers from 27000
  villages

0.2 mn sq kms
Bangalore
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Its all about agricultural land record reforms
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Data in land records
• Demographic data, Economic data, Legal rights
• 47 information fields owners, tenants, crops,
  yield, irrigation sources, mortgage details,
  soil, bank loans etc
• Critical to farmers
• Basis for ownership loan
• Instrument of social justice
• Poor records lead to litigation social unrest
• Ensure government gets its due returns
• Critical for economic growth

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The essence of Bhoomi
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Bhoomi is a farmer friendly mechanism
• to access and update land records
• using state of art technology

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Farmers availing services
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Farmers availing services
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Land records Then Now
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria
Post Bhoomi
Before Bhoomi
Computerised
Manual records
Low visibility
Transparency
Cumbersome
Easy access
Up to date
Dated records
Harassment
Citizen friendly
Secured
Tamper Prone
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The path traversed-amazing numbers
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Data entry
• 10000 plus officials underwent training on data
  preparation and validation process
• 20,000 man-months legacy data entry involving
  1200 operators
• Validated 20 mn records through 6.7 mn farmers
  and 9000 Village officials
• Bhoomi software Training
• Fully developed in-house by NIC,Bangalore
• Requirement specification through 16
  workshops-participatory development
• 1000 man-months development effort
• Development in local language
• 1000 village officials trained

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The transition in documentation
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria
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Transparency ensures social equity
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Gone are the days when Village Accountants would
  be able to dole favors on extraneous
  considerations

First in first out mutations in Bhoomi No more
discretion to favor influential people
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Multiple stakeholders benefit
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Quick, harassment free
• Records tamper proof
• Simple mutation process
• Easier farm credit
• Less litigation

Citizen
Bhoomi
Other Stakeholders
Government

• Protect govt. land
• Citizen friendly

• Banks
• Judiciary
• Private firms

• Easy implementation
• Manpower redeployment
• Planning inputs

Administration
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Bhoomi has touched farmers lives
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• 7 Crore copies have been provided from the
  Bhoomi kiosks
• 2 crores copies provided to citizens every year
• Mutation incidence has increased 3 fold
• Land based litigation down by around 50 as per
  revenue department officials

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What has Bhoomi achieved
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• Handwritten records fully substituted by
  computerised records- a legal framework in place
• Imposition of user charges with better delivery
  of services make scheme viable and sustainable-
  Collection of Rs 1.5 Crore per month as against
  annual total expenditure of Rs 18 Crore on
  project
• Till date Rs 105 Crore user charges collected
• Land records in public domain
• No application, no identity requirements
• Land records and mutation status on web
• Biometrics authentication- Non repudiation
  feature
• Crop data updated three times a year
• Rabi Khariff and Summer

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What Bhoomi has achieved
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
Award Criteria

• State data centre established centralising 20
  million records
• VSAT network connecting all 202 locations of
  BHOOMI
• Electronic integration of BHOOMI with KAVERI
  (Registration project) in place
• Survey process integrated into Bhoomi
• Integrated Mutation
• Bhoomi being PKI (Public key infrastructure)
  enabled so as to comply with IT act 2000
• Pilot on PKI implemented

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Recent developments in Bhoomi
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Using Hand held devices like Simputer and mobile
  phones for online data capture
• Avoid drudgery of current manual crop collection
  and batch updation
• Offloading distribution of records to privates
  sector
• 800 rural telecentres under NEMADDI project in
  place
• Bhoomi makes Nemmadi sustainable- killer
  application
• Providing value added services to farmers from
  800 rural telecentres
• 42 other services like social pensions, income
  and catse certificates etc,

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Recent developments in Bhoomi
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Pilot on electronic linking of lending agencies
  with bhoomi
• Electronically request Bhoomi for mortagage
  entries
• Pilot on electronic linking of land acquisition
  officers to Bhoomi
• Electronically informing Bhoomi of 4(1) and 6(1)
  on lands

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What did Bhoomi demonstate
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Such huge projects are also doable with existing
  bureaucracy
• Citizens do not mind paying for better services
• Broke the myth of FREE services

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Success factors
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Political and administrative support for the
  project
• Demonstrating early successes to silence cynical
  staff and critics
• Importance of pilots
• Stakeholders engagement and involvement
• Abolition of alternatives
• No competition to new system
• Institutionalization and legal changes
• Committed NIC staff
• Continued support

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Success factors
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Capacity building among government servants
• Catch them young- compassionate appointed village
  accountants
• Involvement of vendors and contract management
• Training of data entry vendors
• Facility management
• Evolution of self funding model
• No dependence on government
• Appropriate Technology choices
• Institutional administrative structure for
  implementation
• Bhoomi monitoring cell
• Continuity of project champion

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Challenges faced
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Cynicism among government officials
• Indifferent senior bureaucracy
• Lack of IT knowledge among senior officers like
  DMs
• Impatient political leadership

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Learnings from Bhoomi
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• Devil lies in details
• Capture low hanging fruits
• RTCs were not corrected or updated before taking
  data entry
• But need to capture difficult fruits also
• Improving quality of land records
• Gradual introduction of reforms to manage change
  helps
• Provisioning of copies from kiosks instead of
  10000 VAs
• FIFO in mutation
• Merger of survey department with Revenue
  department
• Integrated mutation
• No registration till seller is the owner
• Presumptive mutation

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Learnings from Bhoomi
The genesis
The concept
Achievement
Benefits
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria
Learnings
Road ahead

• For projects to be successful
• One requires many committed officials
• Who may not be necessarily senior officers
• Slow and steady wins the race
• Huge projects require LARGE time to execute
• Challenge your belief and thinking
• And innovate and innovate
• Respect new ideas
• Create environment for innovation

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Road ahead
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria

• Find the errors in Bhoomi data and correct the
  same
• Ensure that spatial data and non spatial data
  remains in sync
• Evolution and implementation of integrated
  mutation process
• Integrate registration system with Bhoomi tightly
• Migrate towards titling system

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Efforts towards Replication and recognitions
Achievement
Benefits
Learnings
Road ahead
The genesis
The concept
Award Criteria

• Bhoomi is now declared to be the national model
  for replication by MIT GOI
• Detailed study of Bhoomi by World Bank made
  available on its website for facilitating
  replication. (www.worldbank.org/publicsector/egov)
  
• World Bank and Ford foundation have got done an
  independent evaluation of the BHOOMI project
• Apart from winning silver in CAPAM, Bhoomi was
  one of the finalist in Stockholm challenge award
  2002
• Winner of national e-Governance award
• Winner of United Nations Public service award
  2005-06
• PM award for the year 2006-07

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Thank You
Rajeev Chawla Commissioner Survey settlement and
land records and Special Secretary
(Bhoomi) Revenue Department Govt of
Karnataka E-mail rajeevchawlaias_at_karnataka.gov.i
n Website www.bhoomi.kar.nic.in