LPG Vehicle

1
LPG Vehicle

• Introducing LPG Vehicle which is ecological and
• complies with variety of resources

10 January 2001
Yasuo Nakahara Toyota Motor Corporation
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Agenda

• (1) Safety of LPG vehicles
• (2) Introducing the LPG-taxi in Hong Kong
• (3) Comparison on Performance of LPG vehicle
  and others (CNG, Petrol Diesel)
• (4) Future Consideration

3

• (1) Safety of
• LPG vehicles

4
UIO of LPG vehicles around the world

• The situation of how LPG vehicles are used
  worldwide
• Government Project Success expansion in HK and
  Australia

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UIO of LPG-taxi in Japan

• Approx. 260,000 units are recorded

From 1905No explosion accidents reported From
1990No accidents in fire reported
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Outline of LPG Engine System

Safety Device of LPG Engine System
Although the ignition switch is turned on in case
of starter is off and engine revolution is under
15r.p.m, the Solenoid Valves do not open and LPG
is not supplied to the engine. It is confirmed at
our collision test that LPG Regular is located on
safety area.
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Safety Device (I)
In case of the pressure in the LPG tank increases
due to abnormal heat, etc, the safety valve
releases the pressure by discharging gas out and
cools down the LPG tank by evaporation. Therefore
, the safety valve will be discharging gas out
intermittently in order to control the pressure
and prevent damage of LPG tank.
1
2
1
3
2
3
In case of a pressure in the LPG tank increase,
the expansion volume (15) will absorb any
increasing pressure by liquid expansion and
prevent damage of LPG tank.
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1
Charging Valve (Gray Color) This valve will open
when refilling of fuel. In case of the pressure
in the LPG tank increases abnormally safety valve
will discharges gas.
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2
Outlet Valve (Red Color) This valve take out gas
to engine and ordinary full-open. The overflow
protector valve is fitted at the tip (inside the
LPG tank) of this valve. In case fuel pipe to
the engine is broken in an accident, etc, fuel
flow will be shut off by this device to prevent
leaking gas. In case of fire hazard, close this
valve, and keep away from the vehicle.
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3
Overcharge Protector Valve When the fuel is
filled up to 85 the valve will prevent LPG to
being overcharge.
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Charging Valve
Outlet Valve
LPG Tank
Semi-Container
Outside the vehicle
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Safety Device (II)
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5
5
4
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• (2) Introducing LPG-taxi in Hong Kong

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How we introduced LPG-taxi in Hong Kong

• Change of Inlet Valve from Japanese type to
  Australian type
• Addition of Non-return Valve

tank
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• (3) Comparison on performance of LPG vehicle
  and others

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Comparison on Performance

• Comparison of CNG, LPG, Petrol, and Diesel
  Vehicles
• Comparison on emission, fuel consumption,
  Maintenance cost and usefulness

Type of Fuel
CO2
CO
HC
PM
Engine performance
Cost
NOx
4
4
3
4
2 ? 3 (w/MPI)
1
3
CNG
3
4
3
4
3 ? 4 (w/MPI)
3
3
LPG
Petrol
2
3
3
4
4
4
3
Diesel
4
3
2
2
4
3
2
1 Volume of Emission is large/Poor engine
performance/High cost 2 Volume of Emission is
larger/Engine performance is not good/Higher
cost 3 Volume of Emission is smaller/Good engine
performance/Lower cost 4 Volume of Emission is
small/Great engine performance/Low cost
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Logic of Emission of CO2
Molecular Structure
Type of Fuel
Petrol100
G-CO2/kcal
Petrol
C8H18
0.302
100
LPG
C4H10
0.277
92
CH4
0.236
78
CNG
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Operating Cost

• Case study of Hong Kong(Nov.,1997?Nov.,1998)

Diesel
LPG
Fuel Consumption
HK/km
0.78
0.64
km/Litre
8.88
7.36
Price of LPG 2.01 Diesel 6.71
Most of the maintenance items of LPG taxi were
the same as that of diesel taxi and their repair
costs were comparable.
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Special Design for Hong Kong

• More Legroom

Get on and off is easier
Handle of luggage is easier
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Comparison of CNG and LPG
CNG
LPG
Remarks
Driving range
Price of LPG in Japan is ?55/Liter and CNG
is?80/Liter equivalent gasoline
1/3
1
at 10-15mode fuel consumption at same tank volume
at 200kg/cm(CNG)
1
1
0.9 when only fuel is substituted
Engine Power
LPG 96 Liter40kg CNG 168 Liter131kg Bigger and
heavier tank is needed to maintain the same
cruising range
Fuel tank (steel)
Weight Air pressure of tank
Heavy 200
Medium 58
High
Low reported
Reliability ex/ friction in engine valve seat
There are only 5,000 units CNG-taxi in Japan.
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• (4) Future Consideration of LPG Vehicles

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Future consideration of LPG vehicles
To have the similar output and emission as petrol
vehicle
To make the fuel control system to electronic
controlled carburetor ? Injection Control System
to Inlet Valve (MPI) Capable of controlling fuel
precisely (Comply with reinforce in the
regulation of emission) Lower the suction
resistance by using carburetor
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Conclusion

• LPG vehicles are safe, their emission is small
  and their cost is low
• Highly reliable as a taxi-cab
• Highly recommend to introduce our LPG-taxi in
  Singapore