Hundred Years War

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Introduction

1. Hundred Years War
2. Church Corruption
3. Black Death

3 Crises define the period
Together, they destroyed the Age of Faith
And paved way for (1) European Renaissance, then
(2) Protestant Reformation, then (3) The Modern
World
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Each Event Worsened The Others
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Hundred Years War (1337-1453)

• War between Kings of France and England over who
  should be the King of France
• Actually lasted 117 years

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Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Causes

• KOF Charles IV died in 1328
• No male heir?Cousin becomes king, Philip IV, the
  Fair
• KOE Edward III believes he should be KOF
• Sent letter to Philip saying he will fight for
  throne
• Invaded France in 1337

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Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Course

• 2 halves
• English Period (1337-1429)
• Final French victory (1429-1453)
• English Period
• Sluys (naval)
• Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356), Agincourt (1415)
• Keys to victory Paid mercenary armies, English
  longbowmen
• French Period
• Jeanne dArc motivates French
• Charles VII defeats English at Orleans (1429)
• Momentum shifts until English driven from France

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Hundred Years War (1337-1453)Effects

• Mercenaries become essential part of European
  warfare (question what do unemployed mercenaries
  do?)
• Gunpowder artillery signals end of castle and
  knight warfare?medieval warfare
• Birth of nation-state (decline of local identity)

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Philip III (died 1285)
Charles Count of Valois (died 1325)
Philip IV The Fair (died 1314)
Isabella (died 1358)
Charles IV (died 1328)
Philip V (died 1322)
Edward II (died 1327)

• Royal family tree of France
• Note
• Women cant inherit throne
• RedKing of England
• BlackKing of France

Philip VI (died 1350)
Edward III (died 1377)
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100YW, when Edward III invaded France
100YW, after Black Death, Poitiers, Crecy
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100YW, Just prior to Jeanne dArc
100YW, at end
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Church CorruptionCauses

• Popes claimed supreme secular and spiritual power
  growing
• People begin to challenge Church Authortiy
• Independent religious movements break out in
  Europe
• Only a matter of time before secular rulers
  challenge Churchs authority

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Church CorruptionAvignon Papacy

• Papacy in Avignon from 1308 to 1378
• All French popes, under increasing control by KOF
• Popes spent enormous amounts on papal palace and
  lavish clothing
• Demanded taxes from bishops and abbeys (who in
  turn demanded taxes from worshippers)
• Appointed relatives to church positions
• This behavior destroyed the credibility and
  legitimacy of Pope for many

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• Church CorruptionGreat Schism

• In 1378, Pope Gregory XI returned Papacy to Rome,
  recognizing damage done to authority and
  credibility
• Died soon afterwards
• Romans rioted, threatened papal electors to
  ensure a Roman became next pope
• That was Pope Urban VI?suspicious, arrogant,
  violent temper
• French electors decided to elect their own
  instead?Pope Clement VII (called the anti-pope),
  and moved back to Avignon
• 1378-1414?2 popes, one in Rome and one in Avignon
  (and at one pope one in Pisa)
• In 1414, clergy realized damage this was doing to
  Churchs credibility
• Council of Constance to bring an end to the
  schism
• Deposed all popes, elected compromise Pope Martin
  V

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How did the Hundred Years War worsen . . .

• The Black Death
• Destructiveness of war literally weakened
  peoples ability resist the disease
• Kings focused on war not helping people
• Movement of armies helped spread disease

• Church Corruption
• Church claimed authority over kings
• Tried to stop fighting
• Could notlooked powerless (no credibility) in
  eyes of many

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How did the Black Death worsen . . .

• Hundred Years War
• Destructiveness of war literally weakened
  peoples ability resist the disease
• Kings focused on war not helping people
• Movement of armies helped spread disease

• Church Corruption
• People believed sinfulness caused Black Death
• Church failed to prevent sin
• Clergy more interested in money, power than in
  helping those suffering from the Black Death
• Some clergymen fled rather than stay and help the
  sick

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How did Church Corruption worsen . . .

• The Black Death
• People believed sinfulness caused Black Death
• Church failed to prevent sin
• Clergy more interested in money, power than in
  helping those suffering from the Black Death
• Some clergymen fled rather than stay and help the
  sick

• Hundred Years War
• Church claimed authority over kings
• Tried to stop fighting
• Could notlooked powerless in eyes of many