From Fibers to Fabric:

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From Fibers to Fabric

• Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to
  the fabric.

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Types of Fibers
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Natural Fibers

• Sources
• Animals
• Plants

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Protein Fibers
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Cellulose Fibers
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Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers

• Chemical or Protein

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Name
Spandex

• Generic Name
• Trade Name

Lycra
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Types

• Acetate
• Acrylic
• Nylon
• Polyester

• Rayon
• Spandex
• Triacetate

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Yarns

• Fibers overlapped and twisted together

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Types

• Spun
• Monofilament
• Multifilament

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Twist

• amount varies and increases strength
• very low twist - just barely holds together
• low twist - fluffy - weak
• average twist for short fibers
• high twist hard and compact

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Texture

• given to manufactured fibers
• adds bulk, stretch, less static

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Types of Texture
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Fabric Construction

• woven of knit yarns
• fibers matted together and glued

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Woven Fabrics
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Plain Weave
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Satin Weave
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Twill Weave
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Basket Weave
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Pile Weave
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Knits

• Stretches
• Returns to Original Shape
• Wrinkle Resistant

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Warp Knits

• vertical rows of loops
• - tricot jersey
• - lace
• - raschel knit

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Weft Knit

• loops made as yarn added in crosswise direction

• double knit
• jersey
• rib knit
• pile knit jersey
• velour
• purl knit

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Non Woven

• no grain
• no stretch or give
• requires special sewing techniques

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Non Wovens
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Fabric Finishes

• changes fiber properties to create a better
  product

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Permanent Finish

• heat set
• improves fabric resistance to wrinkling
• stains difficult to remove
• no need to iron

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Shrinkage Resistant

• reduce shrinkage

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Soil Release

• aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease

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Flame Retardant

• resists burning

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Dyeing

• changes color of finished product
• can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric stage
• printing is done at fabric stage only

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Care Labels

• Law Required
• - Fiber Content
• - Care Instructions
• - Country of Origin

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Care Requirement

• washing method
• drying method
• bleach type
• iron temperature