SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY

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SEMANTIC WEB TECHNOLOGY

• Ontology

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• Aristotle points out in his Ethics
• what we have to learn to do, we learn from
  doing

SKILL
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Weaknesses of Current KMS

• Time spend? Browsing

• Searching information
• Extracting information agent ?
• Maintaining structured text sources
• Automatic document generation

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Semantics?

• Semantics define a concept's meaning
• In a manner that is both unambiguous and
  universally correct in meaning.

can
animal
breathe
is_a
can
bird
fly
has
wings
is_a
canary
Semantic Net
can
is
sing
yellow
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Another example of Semantic Net
soft
hardness
texture
snow
slippery
color
white
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• Enterprise-wide and global challenges require the
  content and representation to be more closely
  related domain specific concepts
• Such as using shared ontologies(Gruber, 1993,
  Guarino, 1998)
• Data conflict, relationships, generalization
• ontology\Heterogeneity_DoC_Conf_ 4_May_05.pdf
• Semantic relationship

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The Semantic Web idea

• Data has objective meaning
• enabling it to be dynamically found and used by
  computers
• According to the W3C,
• "The Semantic Web provides a common framework
  that allows data to be shared and reused across
  application, enterprise, and community
  boundaries.
• An extension of the current web in which
  information is given well-defined meaning, better
  enabling computers and people to work in
  cooperation
• ontology\OWL Web Ontology Language Use Cases and
  Requirements.htm

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Semantic Web

• WWW
• Difficult to find, organize, access, maintain
• Large content of unstructured and semi structured
  natural language text
• Knowledge become distributed, dynamic and
  ubiquitous

• Semantic engine
• Knowledge technologies by AI web developer rdf
  xml gt new semantic web language gtbring
  knowledge to community.

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Semantic Web

• Extension of current web
• To being human-readable using WWW
• Doc annotated with meta-information
• To cope with heterogeneous representation of web
  resources
• Machine processable way
• Explicit representation of meta-info domain
  theories to enable web to provide a qualitatively
  new level of service.
• Various automated servcies web services
• Provide info in machine-understandable form
• eg, ontology

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KMS FOR ORIENTAL MEDICATION
CASE STUDY EXAMPLE
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KMS for Prescription A Korean Example

• Domain Ontologies
• 4 Domains
• Ontologies Association
• Reusability of 4 Domain Ontologies
• Modularization
• KPML(Korean Medicine Prescription Markup
  Language)
• Ontologies based Markup Language
• Prescription Document
• KMS for Prescription

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Case Study Construction of Domain

• Typical Oriental Medicine Books
• Overview of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang
  University Press
• Foundation of Chinese Medicine
• Handbook of Chinese Medicine
• BangYalHapPeun
• Dictionary of Oriental Medicine
• DongEuBoGam
• Domain Expert
• Professors 2 Dept. of Oriental Medicine
• Doctor 1

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Example of the KR Architecture
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Domain Ontology

• Ontology Common shared conceptualization of
  some domain that can be communicated between
  people and application systems

Music
Costume
Art
Movie Ontology
Scenario
Lighting

• Real-world modeling
• Concepts Independencies
• Reusability and Modularity

• Complex
• Dependencies
• Reusability problems

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Ontologies Association
How to examine a patient
Symptom
Diagnosis
What to appear
Association List
Medicine
Therapy
What to use
How to cure diseases
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Ontology DevelopmentMETHONTOLOGY
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Conceptualization
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Ontologies Definition
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Logical Structures
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Definition Ontology

• a way of describing a domain by defining the
  concepts of this domain and the relationship
  between them

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Definition Ontology

• In the web and artificial intelligence domains,
  an ontology is a document or file that formally
  defines the kinds of objects in the domain and
  the relationship between them.
• The most typical kind of ontology for the Web
  has a definitional taxonomy and a set of axioms.
• w3c - A working document which describes the
  requirements for a Web Ontology Language and
  relates this to the development of a Semantic Web

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Problem

• Structured DB sources, semi-structured and
  unstructured web data
• Heterogeneous data sources
• Reused
• Analyzed shared data

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Architecture for semantic web-based KMrefer to
book Towards Semantic Web Ontology Driven
KM
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Architecture for semantic web-based KM

• Knowledge acquisition
• Automatic knowledge extraction from unstructured
  and semi-structured data in data repository
• Knowledge representation
• Represent knowledge in an ontology language
  provide with query
• Knowledge maintenance
• Ontology middleware to support maintenace,
  development and, use of knowledge based
• Knowledge use
• Information access tools- finding, sharing,
  summarizing, visualizing, browsing, organizing
  knowlege

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Knowledge acquisition

• OntoWrapper knowledge extraction from
  semi-structured info
• OntoExtract extract data from unstructured info
• OntoEdit support the creation, maintenance and
  population of ontologies in a variety of data
  formats.

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Tools for semantic web-based KM

• OntoShare
• QuizRDF
• Spectacle
• OntoEdit
• OIL-core ontology repository
• OntoWrapper
• OntoExtract

user
Knowledge engineer
Data repository
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Knowledge Representation

• RDF repository (SESAME system)
• A generic architecture for storing and querying
  RDF and RDF schema
• RDFs (resource description framework schema)
• Extends to specify domain vocabulary and object
  structures enrichment of the web.

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Knowledge Maintenance

• Ontology middleware module (OMM)

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Knowledge use

• Range of info access tools for the semantic web
• QuizRDF semantic search engine for browsing and
  querying RDF-annotated information resources
• Spectacle-a visualization and browsing tool for
  ontology-based info.
• Ontoshare an RDF-based system which supports
  knowledge sharing, using semantic web tech to
  create an ontology-based info resource
  automatically from the information to share

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Ontology OntoMap

• is a knowledge representation formalism, a
  reasoner
• (http//ontomap.ontotext.com/)
• for upper-level ontologies and lexical semantics.
  
• The KR language is more complex than RDF(S) and
  is pretty similar to OWL Lite.
• The portal provides access to the most popular
  upper-level and lexical resources, together with
  hand-crafted mappings between them. It includes a
  number of alternative viewers HTML, DHTML,
  stand-alone GUI application.

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Ontology based portal OntoWeb.

• ontology\Portal - OntoWeb Ontology.htm
• This portal serves the academic and industry
  community that is interested in ontology research
• Semantic Web technologies and could benefit from
  an ontology language is The Open Directory
  Project a large, comprehensive human-edited
  directory of the Web. It is constructed and
  maintained by a vast, global community of
  volunteer editors
• ontology\ODP - Open Directory Project.htm

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Web Services

• DAML OIL
• A semantic markup language for Web resources
• KAON
• Karlsruhe Ontology and Semantic Web Tool Suite
• OWL
• Web Ontology language
• UDDI (Universal Desc, Discovery and Integration
  of Web Servies)
• WSDL (Web Service Description Language)

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Web Services

• SWWS (Semantic Web enabled Web Services)
• Provide a comprehensive Web Service description
  framework
• Define a Web Service discovery framework
• Provide a scalable Web Service mediation
  platform.
• Ontotext is responsible for the software
  infrastructure within the project.

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Platform ArchitectureIntelligent Content
Management (ICONS)

• ..\reference\ontology and service - crm.pdf
• ..\reference\ICON Project Result.pdf

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Conclusion

• Development of appropriate ontologies for the
  domain and application
• Five step methodology for application driven
  ontology development
• Once ontologies is created, has to manage store,
  aligned,maintain, track their evolution

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Ontology languages

• OIL - http//www.ontoknolwege.org/oil
• DAML OIL http//w3.org/submission/2001/12

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Conclusion

• Tools for knowledge dissemination in a virtual
  organization
• P2P computing paradigm
• Truly global semantic web prospects

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References

• Denise A. D. Bedford Enterprise Taxonomies -
  Context, Structures Integration, Presentation
  to American Society of Indexers ,Annual
  Conference Arlington Virginia May 15, 2004
• T.B. Rajashekar, Taxonomies And Ontologies, An
  Exploratory Overview, National Centre for Science
  Information Indian Institute of Science,
  Bangalore, 2003
• David George, Understanding Structural and
  Semantic Heterogeneity in the Context of Database
  Schema Integration, Department of Computing,
  University of Central Lancashire, Preston UK
• Rudi Studer, Siggi Handschuh, Alexander Maedche,
  Steffen Staab, York Sure, Semantic Web for
  Generalized Knowledge Management, Institute AIFB,
  University of Karlsruhe, NSF-EU Workshop Semantic
  Web Sophia Antibolis October 3-5, 2001
• Mommsen Ghosh, Dona, ONTOLOGY-BASED REPOSITORY
  FOR SPECIFYING INVESTMENT ADVISORY SERVICES AS A
  KNOWLEDGE PRODUCT, University of Fribourg,
  Department of Informatics, Rue Fauchigny 2, 1700
  Fribourg, Switzerland
• A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology.
  http//protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_
  development/ontology101.html.
• Chandrasekaran, B., et al. (1999). "What are
  ontologies, and why do we need them?" IEEE
  Intelligent Systems 14(1) 20-26.
• Yang, S. J. H., Chen, I. Y. L., Shao, N. W. Y.
  (2004). Ontology Enabled Annotation and Knowledge
  Management for Collaborative Learning in Virtual
  Learning Community. Educational Technology
  Society, 7 (4), 70-81.
• Knowledge Management In Geodise, Geodise
  Knowledge Management Team, University of
  Southampton
• University of Manchester, Epistemics Ltd.
• Paulo Gottgtroy, Nik Kasabov, Stephen MacDonel,
  lBuilding Evolving Ontology Maps for Data Mining
  and Knowledge Discovery in Biomedical
  Informatics, Knowledge Engineering and Discovery
  Institute, Auckland University of Technology
• Reagan W. Moore, Architecture for Repositories,
  San Diego Supercomputer Center, Workshop on
  Research Challenges in Digital Archiving Towards
  a National Infrastructure for Long-Term
  Preservation of Digital Information
• Web Generation Research Group, Knowledge The
  Keyword of the 21st Century
• Eric Yu, Knowledge Management Organizations and
  Systems