World Belief Systems

1
World Belief Systems
2
August 2013

• Asoka incorporated Buddhist ideas into the laws
  he had carved on rocks and pillars placed
  throughout the Mauryan Empire.
• Constantine made Christianity the official
  religion of the Roman Empire.
• Prince Vladimir required all Russians to become
  Eastern Orthodox Christians.
• Which generalization can be made based on these
  statements?
• (1) Leaders often use religion to unify an
  empire.
• (2) Many political leaders encourage religious
  toleration.
• (3) Leaders sometimes use religion as a reason to
  wage war.
• (4) Political leaders usually become the head of
  the church in their country

3
June 2013

• The Ten Commandments, the Eightfold Path, and the
  Five Pillars of Faith each serve to
• (1) provide followers with a guide for living
• (2) establish systems of justice
• (3) establish distinctions between social classes
• (4) provide regulations for government workers

4
Aug 2012

• Muslims reference to Christians and Jews as
  People of the Book demonstrates they all shared
  a belief in
• (1) the pope
• (2) the five relationships
• (3) monotheism
• (4) dharma

5
Jan 2013

• Fasting during Ramadan
• Praying five times each day
• Giving charity to the poor
• Followers of which religion engage in these
• practices?
• (1) Christianity (3) Islam
• (2) Buddhism (4) Judaism

6
August 2013

• Which leader is responsible for westernizing
• Turkey and creating a secular government?
• (1) Kemal Atatürk (3) Ayatollah Khomeini
• (2) Saddam Hussein (4) Anwar Sadat

7
Polytheism

• Belief in many gods often nature gods because
  unable to explain/control natural phenomena.
• Leaders priests (Greeks Zeus, Romans
  Jupiter, Egyptians Ra, etc)
• Books - myths
• Locations river civilizations, classical civs
  of Greece Romans
• Affects Romans practiced syncretism to expand
  empire (Pantheons) and will use imperial cult to
  unify it will come in conflict with
  monotheistic faiths like Judaism/Christianity

8
VEDAS (written in sanskrit)
Brahman (head god) Shiva (destroyer god),
Vishnu (preserver god)
9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
August 2013

• A person who practices Hinduism would most
  likely
• (1) believe the Vedas are sacred
• (2) worship in a synagogue
• (3) pray facing Mecca
• (4) make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem

12
Aug 2012

• Believers of Hinduism are expected to
• (1) fulfill their dharma for a favorable
  reincarnation
• (2) complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
• (3) obey the Ten Commandments
• (4) follow the Eightfold Path to achieve
  enlightenment

13
Can not marry outside of caste.
14
Jan 2014

• What is one way the conflict between India and
  Pakistan over Kashmir and the conflict between
  the Palestinians and Israelis in the Middle East
  are similar?
• (1) Both conflicts concern territorial and
  religious issues.
• (2) Hostilities within these regions were
  provoked by the United Nations.
• (3) Both conflicts emerged as a result of the
  breakup of the Soviet Union.
• (4) Tensions in these regions were caused by
  efforts to remain nonaligned.

15
Jan 2013

• Why did large numbers of Hindus and Muslims
  migrate immediately after India gained its
  independence?
• (1) Many jobs were being outsourced overseas.
• (2) The government offered housing incentives in
  newly developed areas.
• (3) Religious pilgrimages to neighboring
  countries were required based on their beliefs.
• (4) The subcontinent was divided into countries
  based primarily on the location of religious
  majorities.

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
Mauryan Empire Asoka will convert to and create
Sacred Edicts throughout Empire to end civil wars
will neglect army and eventual collapse. Will
cause collapse of moral fiber in China and people
leaving Confucian loyalty to Han emperor. Under
Tang will amass lots of wealth that will cause
the emperor to be jealous.
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
kami
24
Shinto traditional Japanese religion based on
respect for nature. Worshipped kami (spirits).

• There are "Four Affirmations in Shinto
• Tradition and the family The family is seen as
  the main mechanism by which traditions are
  preserved. Their main celebrations relate to
  birth and marriage. (closely connected to
  Confucianism)

25

1. Love of nature Nature is sacred to be in
   contact with nature is to be close to the Gods.
   Natural objects are worshipped as sacred spirits.

1. Physical cleanliness They take baths, wash their
   hands, and rinse out their mouth often.
2. "Matsuri" To worship and honor gods and
   ancestral spirits.

26
June 2012

• What is one way in which animism, Shinto, and
  Daoism are similar?
• (1) emphasis on harmony with nature
• (2) monotheistic belief systems
• (3) belief in the idea of nirvana
• (4) reliance on the teachings of the Vedas

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
Han Dynasty will use to create civil service exam
under Wudi later scholar-gentry based on
it. Mongols reject Confucianism causing
conflicts.
32
(No Transcript)
33
Jan. 2014

• Which belief system was the basis for the civil
  service exams given during the Han, Tang, and
  Song dynasties?
• (1) legalism (3) Buddhism
• (2) Daoism (4) Confucianism

34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
Abraham - Moses
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
Judaism - Persecution

• Babylonian Captivity by Assyrians (displaced)
• Anti-Semitism in Crusades targeted, charged with
  causing black death in 1350s
• Reconquista of Isabella/Ferdinand in Spain
  Spanish Inquisition
• Pogroms of Russia
• Concentration Camps of Holocaust Auschwitz

40
(No Transcript)
41
Jan 2013

• The Nuremberg laws are best described as
• (1) efforts of the Roman Catholic Church to
  punish heresy
• (2) major articles in the Declaration of the
  Rights of Man
• (3) specific laws contained in Justinians Code
• (4) anti-Semitic laws of 20th-century Germany

42
(No Transcript)
43
(No Transcript)
44
Sects of Christianity

• Catholics Latin America, western Europe, and
  US, leader is Pope importance during Middle
  Ages Charlemagne crowned by Pope Leo III
  (tithe), Urban II calls for Crusades Spanish
  Inquisition, Great Schism (Babylonian Captivity),
  divine right monarchy support to Absolutist
  (Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu controls), split
  with England over control of heir, exploration
  destruction of Aztec codex w/forced conversion.
• Counter-Reformation and creation of Jesuits
  (convert China/Japan Francis Xavier)

45
Sects of Christianity

• Orthodox Christianity eastern Europe, no pope
  Patriarch Byzantine Empire had emperor as
  leader of faith (caesaropapism), Schism of 1054
  w/Catholic Church, differences w/Catholics
  priests can marry, iconoclasm, issue of trinity.
  
• Byzantine government will have stable bureaucracy
  because led by monks, influence Russia w/St.
  Cyril and Methodius (Cyrillic Alphabet)

46
Sects of Christianity

• Protestants break from Medieval Control of
  Catholic Church, northern Europe (including
  England), primacy of Bible (vernacular).
• Martin Luther, 1519, 95 Thesis, opposed sale of
  indulgences, want Bible in German, not goods but
  faith.
• Calvinism Swiss predestination
• Anglican Henry VIII w/Act of Supremacy (Queen
  Victorias desire to convert natives in
  imperialism Livingstone in Africa, ending sati
  in India)
• Numerous sects splinter the Christian faith
  (Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, etc.)

47
Jan 2014

• One result of the Protestant Reformation was
• (1) fewer challenges to Church authority
• (2) a decline in religious unity in western
  Europe
• (3) the disbanding of the Jesuit order
• (4) a weakening of the Inquisition

48
June 2013

• One way in which Martin Luthers Ninety-five
• Theses and Henry VIIIs Act of Supremacy are
  similar is that both
• (1) emphasize the importance of the Bible
• (2) caused the Thirty Years War
• (3) challenge the authority of the Catholic
  Church
• (4) helped to unify Christendom

49
June 2013

• The introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet and
• Orthodox Christianity to Russia is most closely
  associated with
• (1) Viking conquests
• (2) Byzantine missionaries
• (3) Alexander the Greats armies
• (4) Ottoman expansion

50
June 2013

• Why is Catholicism a major religion practiced in
  Latin America?
• (1) Spain conquered and colonized much of Latin
  America.
• (2) Disputes over international boundaries within
  Latin America were settled by the pope.
• (3) The traditional beliefs of Africans were
  incorporated into the cultures of Latin America.
• (4) The Church provided Latin America with a
  strong central government

51
(No Transcript)
52
To MECCA
In ALLAH
Ramadan
53
(No Transcript)
54
(No Transcript)
55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
Jan 2014

• Which statement about the Islamic Golden Age is a
  fact rather than an opinion?
• (1) Islamic medicine was more advanced than
  Chinese medicine.
• (2) Poetry and literature were more important
  fields of study for Muslims than was mathematics.
• (3) Knowledge of astronomy was used by Muslims to
  fulfill religious obligations.
• (4) Islamic philosophies relied less on Greek
  philosophical masters than on Indian
  philosophical masters.

59
August 2013

• Which achievement is most closely associated with
  Mansa Musa of Mali?
• (1) an increase in the influence of Islam and
• Islamic culture
• (2) the discovery of diamonds in the Congo
• (3) the defeat and capture of Cairo
• (4) an exclusive trade agreement with European
  merchants

60
(No Transcript)