19th Century European Imperialism

1
19th Century European Imperialism
Out with the Old and in with the New
2
The British Empire
3
The New Imperialism

• In the late 1860s and 1870s, European powers
  began to reverse their disdain for obtaining
  formal colonies.
• In the period from 1870 to 1914, European nations
  (as well as the U.S. and Japan) would go on a
  colonization drive like never before.
• In just a couple of decades, nearly all of Africa
  and large areas of Asia and the Middle East would
  come under European domination.

4
(No Transcript)
5
The British Empire

• Egypt
• In 1875, the British bought a 44 percent share in
  the previously French controlled Suez Canal
  (1869).
• The British took a greater role in Egyptian
  affairs until it was made a British Protectorate
  in 1882.
• East and West Africa
• In East and West Africa, Britain expanded its old
  trading posts into full colonies, leading to
  conflict with the natives (example Anglo-Zulu
  War of 1879)
• These included Gambia, Sierra Leone, The Gold
  Coast, Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda, and Somalia.

Battle of Roukes Drift in the Anglo-Zulu War.
6
The French Empire

• In the 1870s, the French extended their colonial
  control over North and Western Africa.
• Algeria was made a full colony, with large
  numbers of French settlers moving in to farm.
• Control was then extended to Tunisia and Morocco
  and large amounts of territory in French West
  Africa, Senegal, Guinea and the Ivory Coast, as
  well as Madagascar
• In Asia, French Indochina was colonized.

7
Anglo-French Conflict in Sudan

• An uprising in the Sudan under the leadership of
  the infamous Mahdi threatened British interests.
• General Charles Gordon reached Khartoum in 1884
  to evacuate the garrison but was besieged by the
  Madhi, the British troops were massacred.

8
Scramble for Africa Leopold II

• In the 1870s, King Leopold II of Belgium began
  the process of creating a personal colony in the
  Congo Basin, the Berlin Conference made his
  acquisitions legal. Leopold used forced labor in
  the production of rubber, ivory and minerals.
• As international protests intensified, the
  Belgian government took control of the Belgian
  Congo in 1908.

9
Scramble for Africa Berlin Conference

• Intense rivalries among Belgium, France, Germany,
  Great Britain, Italy, Spain, and Portugal for
  additional African territory, and ill-defined
  boundaries of their various holdings, instigate
  the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 (organized by
  Bismarck)
• Powers defined their spheres of influence and
  laid down rules for future occupation on the
  coasts of Africa.
• No African states were invited to the Berlin
  conference, and none signed these agreements.

10
Africa