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Title: FWM 1058 Alloy


1
High-Performance Alloys
Superalloys
2
  • Their evolution beyond the first prototypes
    depended on materials becoming available with
    hitherto unknown resistance to temperature,
    stress and corrosion by combustion products.
  • In the early 1940s, Special Metals worked with
    the UK government to create the first of the
    superalloys to meet those demands.

History The aircraft engines were the first!
3
  • Within a very few years the NIMONIC and INCONEL
    superalloys had become the cornerstones of jet
    engine metallurgy the first, annealed products
    supplemented by new series of higher strength,
    age-hardenable alloys.
  • Gas turbine propulsion is now universal for all
    but the lowest powered aircraft.

4
  • New standards of materials performance are being
    set all the time for aircraft to fly higher,
    faster, further, more
  • economically, even more quietly.
  • And, for over fifty years, the technology has
    been spreading into other areas where land-based
    engines are used for power generation and for
    such specialist applications as trans-continental
    pipelines, and for marine applications where gas
    turbine power acts as an on-demand supplement to
    more conventional systems.

5
  • Special Metals was critically involved at the
    beginning of gas turbine technology. It remains a
    world leader in the development and production of
    the superalloys that support the engines of today
    and the design demands for the years to come.
  • The following slides offer an introduction to the
    current level of investment in new and
    established alloy products, and in melting,
    remelting and manufacturing facilities.

6
Alloy ASTM / ISO
35N LT F562 , ISO 5832-6
MP35N F562, ISO 5832-6
L605 F90, ISO 5832-5
FWN1058 F1058, ISO 5832-7
ELGILOY F1058, ISO 5832-7
CCM F1537, ISO 5832-12
DFT (Composite)
Alloy 41
Alloy 625 B446
Alloy X-750 B574
HASTELLOY Alloy C-276 B619
HASTELLOY Alloy C-22
Alloy 31  Alloy 600  INCONEL Alloy 601  INCONEL
Alloy 617  Alloy 718  Alloy 901  Alloy
902  HASTELLOY Alloy B  HASTELLOY Alloy
B-2  HASTELLOY Alloy C-4  HAYNES Alloy
C-263  HASTELLOY Alloy S  HASTELLOY Alloy
X  Chromel  HAYNES 188  HAYNES 214  HAYNES
230 HAYNES 242  Hiperco 50B  Ni200  NIMONIC
90  ULTIMET  WASPALOY
7
  • For compressor blades and vanes
  • INCONEL alloy 718
  • NIMONIC alloys 90 901
  • INCOLOY alloy 909
  • For turbine blades and vanes
  • INCONEL alloy MA754
  • NIMONIC alloys 80A, 90, 101, 105 115
  • For discs and shafts
  • INCONEL alloys 706, 718 X-750
  • NIMONIC alloys 90, 105, 901
  • Waspaloy
  • INCOLOY alloys 903 909
  • Rene 88, 95
  • IN 100
  • UDIMET alloys 700 720
  • UDIMAR alloys 250 300

8
  • For casings, rings, and seals

INCONEL alloys 600, 617, 625, 718, X-750, 783
HX NIMONIC alloys 75, 80A, 90, 105, 263, 901,
PE11, PE16 PK33 Waspaloy INCOLOY alloy 909

9
For sheet fabrications (combustors, ducting,
exhaust systems, thrust reversers, hush kits,
afterburners, etc.)
  • INCONEL alloys 600, 601, 617, 625, 625LCF, 718,
    718SPF,
  • X-750 HX
  • NIMONIC alloys 75, 86, 263, PE11, PE16 PK 33
  • INCOLOY alloy MA956
  • UDIMET alloys 188 and L-605

10
For fasteners and general engine hardware
  • INCONEL alloys 600, 625, 718 X-750
  • NIMONIC alloys 80A, 90, 105, 263 901
  • INCOLOY alloy A-286
  • Waspaloy

11
35N LT
  • Melt Practice
  • This superalloy is typically double melted
    to remove impurities.
  • However this melt practice is an enhancement
    of the standard melt practice for ASTM F-562
    material yielding much lower inclusion counts.
  • This results in improved fatigue life of
    as-drawn wire by as much as 800.

12
Typical Chemistry
13
Mechanical Properties
14
Thermal Treatment
  • A reducing atmosphere is preferred for thermal
    treatment but inert gas can be used.
  • 35N LT will fully anneal at 1010-1177C in just a
    few minutes. For optimum mechanical properties,
    cold worked 35N LT should be aged at 583-593C
    for four hours.

15
Applications
  • 35N LT is an excellent combination of strength
    and corrosion resistance.
  • Typically used in the coldworked condition,
    tensile strengths are typically comparable to
    304.
  • End uses in the medical field are pacing leads,
    stylets, catheters and orthopaedic cables.

16
(No Transcript)
17
MP35N
  • Melt Practice
  • This superalloy is initially melted using Vacuum
    Induction Melting (VIM) techniques.
  • This is followed by an Electro Slag Remelt (ESR)
    to remove some impurities. This practice may be
    followed by Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR). The
    triple-melt practice is thought to give best
    overall performance for this alloy.

18
  • MP35N alloy is a nonmagnetic, nickel-cobalt-chromi
    um-molybdenum alloy possessing a unique
    combination of ultrahigh tensile strength (up to
    300 ksi 2068 MPa), good ductility and
    toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance.
  • In addition, this alloy displays exceptional
    resistance to sulfidation, high temperature
    oxidation, and hydrogen embrittlement.

19
  • The unique properties of MP35N alloy are
    developed through work hardening, phase
    transformation and aging. If the alloy is used in
    the fully work hardened condition, service
    temperatures up to 399C are suggested.

20
Typical Chemistry
21
  • Physical Properties

22
Thermal Treatment
  • A reducing atmosphere is preferred for thermal
    treatment but inert gas can be used. MP35N will
    fully anneal at 1010-1177.25C in just a few
    minutes.
  • For optimum mechanical properties, cold worked
    MP35N should be aged at 583-593.25C for four
    hours.

23
  • Mechanical Properties

24
Mechanical Properties
25
Applications
  • MP35N is an excellent combination of strength and
    corrosion resistance. Typically used in the
    cold-worked condition, tensile strengths are
    typically comparable to 304. End uses in the
    medical field are pacing leads, stylets,
    catheters and orthopaedic cables.

26
Surface Conditions
  • Cobalt based alloys develop a highly polished
  • appearance as they are drawn to fine diameters.
    Surface
  • roughness can be less than 5 RMS when processed
  • using SCND dies and measured with a
    profilometer.
  • Diameters over .040" will not have as smooth a
    finish
  • because of polycrystaline dies. Diameters over
    .100"
  • have an even rougher surface because they are
    drawn
  • with carbide dies.
  • Additional finish treatments can enhance the
    surface of the wire.
  • SCND means single crystal natural diamond.

27
FWM 1058 Alloy
  • General
  • FWM 1058 Alloy, Conichrome, Phynox and
    Elgiloy are all trademark names for the
    cobalt-chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
    specified by ASTM F 1058 and ISO 5832-7.
  • Batelle Laboratories originally developed the
    alloy for making watch springs, and it was
    patented in 1950.

28
  • As demonstrated in the table below, the current
    FWM 1058 Alloy melt specification, specifically
    designed by Fort Wayne Metals, is equivalent to
    Conichrome, Phynox and Elgiloy.

29
Typical Chemistry ()
30
  • The alloy is first melted using Vacuum Induction
    Melting (VIM) techniques. A secondary melt
    operation, Electro Slag Remelt (ESR), is then
    employed to further remove impurities and improve
    overall homogeneity.

31
  • FWM 1058 Alloy derives its maximum properties
    from a combination of cold work and thermal
    processing, and is not a true precipitation-harden
    ing alloy since the response to heat treatment is
    a function of the degree of cold work.

32
Physical Properties
33
Thermal Treatment
  • After cold working, the mechanical strength of
    this cobalt based super alloy can be increased by
    heat treating. In wire form, cold worked FWM 1058
    Alloy will gain tensile strength at temperatures
    from 480-540C when exposed for approximately 2-5
    hours. Reducing or inert atmospheres are
    typically used for protection during thermal
    treatment. After annealing with a rapid quench,
    the alloy has a face-centered cubic structure.

34
  • Reducing or inert atmospheres are typically used
    for protection during thermal treatment.
  • After annealing with a rapid quench, the alloy
    has a face-centered cubic structure.

35
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Surgical implants constructed of FWM 1058
    Alloy wire can be safely imaged using magnetic
    resonance without risk of migration and with
    minimal image degradation because of the
    nonmagnetic characteristics of
  • the material.

36
Biocompatibility
  • Although there is no universally accepted
    definition for biocompatibility of biomaterials,
    a medical device should be safe for its intended
    use. ASTM F 1058 alloy has been employed
    successfully in human implant applications in
    contact with soft tissue and bone for over a
    decade.
  • Long-term clinical experience of the use of this
    material has shown that an acceptable level of
    biological response can be expected if the alloy
    is used in appropriate applications.

37
Surface Conditions
  • Cobalt based alloys develop a highly polished
    appearance as they are drawn to fine diameters.
    Surface roughness can be less than 5 RMS when
    processed using single crystal natural diamond
    (SCND) dies and measured with a profilometer.

38
  • Diameters over 0.040" will not have as smooth a
    finish because they are drawn through
    polycrystalline dies. Wire measuring over 0.100"
    will have an even rougher surface because it is
    drawn through carbide dies. However, the surface
    of the wire can be enhanced with additional
    finish treatments.

39
Mechanical Properties
40
Applications
  • Because of its excellent corrosion resistance,
    mechanical strength and fatigue resistance
    combined with high elastic modulus, FWM 1058
    Alloy wire and rod is an attractive candidate for
    surgical implants.

41
  • It is one of the preferred materials for the
    fabrication of various stents, pacemaker lead
    conductors, surgical clips, vena cava filters,
    orthopaedic cables, and orthodontic appliances.
    The alloy is also commonly used in the
    watchmaking industry as a precision spring
    material.

42
Ti 6Al-4V ELI
  • One of the most commonly used titanium
    alloys is an alpha-beta alloy containing 6 Al
    and 4 V. This alloy, usually referred to as Ti
    6Al-4V, exhibits an excellent combination
  • of corrosion resistance,
  • strength and toughness.

43
  • Typical uses include medical devices or implants,
    aerospace applications and pressure vessels. In
    the case of medical applications, stringent user
    specifications require controlled microstructures
    and freedom from melt imperfections.

44
  • The interstitial elements of iron and oxygen are
    carefully controlled to improve ductility and
    fracture toughness. Controlled interstitial
    element levels are designated ELI (extra low
    interstitials). Hence the designation Ti 6Al-4V
    ELI.

45

Typical Chemistry
Titanium alloy powder preparation for selective
laser sintering
46
Surface Conditions
  • Ti 6Al-4V ELI has a tendency to stick, fret or
    cold weld with drawing dies during processing.
    Common industry practice to avoid this condition
    usually employs heavy etching or pickling at
    finish size resulting in a course or very
    textured surface.
  • Fort Wayne Metals has developed processing
    techniques with enhanced surface treatments which
    require minimal etching at finish size to remove
    residual oxide, yielding a cleaner and smoother
    surface finish.

47
Diameter Tolerances
  • Enhanced surface treatments and processing
    techniques allow Fort Wayne Metals to offer
    tighter and more controlled
  • tolerances. The chart in the right column
    details standard diameter tolerances for Ti
    6Al-4V ELI in wire and coil forms.
  • Most diameters can be produced to tighter
    tolerances.

48
Applications
  • Fort Wayne Metals manufactures Ti 6Al-4V ELI in
  • straightened and cut bar, coil, strands and
    cables, flat wire
  • and wire form to support a variety of critical
    medical and
  • industrial based applications. End uses include
  • Orthopaedic pins and screws Springs
  • Orthopaedic cables Surgical staples
  • Orthodontic appliances Ligature clips

49
Values are typical and may not represent all
diameters.
Test method will affect results.Ti 6Al-4V ELI in
centerless ground bar, coil, and wire can be
offered in annealed or cold worked conditions.
50
Other Titanium Titanium Alloys Available
  • CPTi Gr.1 Ti 6Al-4V ELI
  • CPTi Gr.2 Ti 6Al-7Nb
  • CPTi Gr.3 Ti 3Al-2.5V
  • CPTi Gr.4 Ti 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo 4Zr
  • (Ti Beta C)

51
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