Title: FWM 1058 Alloy
1High-Performance Alloys
Superalloys
2- Their evolution beyond the first prototypes
depended on materials becoming available with
hitherto unknown resistance to temperature,
stress and corrosion by combustion products. - In the early 1940s, Special Metals worked with
the UK government to create the first of the
superalloys to meet those demands. -
History The aircraft engines were the first!
3- Within a very few years the NIMONIC and INCONEL
superalloys had become the cornerstones of jet
engine metallurgy the first, annealed products
supplemented by new series of higher strength,
age-hardenable alloys. - Gas turbine propulsion is now universal for all
but the lowest powered aircraft.
4- New standards of materials performance are being
set all the time for aircraft to fly higher,
faster, further, more - economically, even more quietly.
- And, for over fifty years, the technology has
been spreading into other areas where land-based
engines are used for power generation and for
such specialist applications as trans-continental
pipelines, and for marine applications where gas
turbine power acts as an on-demand supplement to
more conventional systems.
5- Special Metals was critically involved at the
beginning of gas turbine technology. It remains a
world leader in the development and production of
the superalloys that support the engines of today
and the design demands for the years to come. - The following slides offer an introduction to the
current level of investment in new and
established alloy products, and in melting,
remelting and manufacturing facilities.
6 Alloy ASTM / ISO
35N LT F562 , ISO 5832-6
MP35N F562, ISO 5832-6
L605 F90, ISO 5832-5
FWN1058 F1058, ISO 5832-7
ELGILOY F1058, ISO 5832-7
CCM F1537, ISO 5832-12
DFT (Composite)
Alloy 41
Alloy 625 B446
Alloy X-750 B574
HASTELLOY Alloy C-276 B619
HASTELLOY Alloy C-22
Alloy 31 Alloy 600 INCONEL Alloy 601 INCONEL
Alloy 617 Alloy 718 Alloy 901 Alloy
902 HASTELLOY Alloy B HASTELLOY Alloy
B-2 HASTELLOY Alloy C-4 HAYNES Alloy
C-263 HASTELLOY Alloy S HASTELLOY Alloy
X Chromel HAYNES 188 HAYNES 214 HAYNES
230 HAYNES 242 Hiperco 50B Ni200 NIMONIC
90 ULTIMET WASPALOY
7- For compressor blades and vanes
- INCONEL alloy 718
- NIMONIC alloys 90 901
- INCOLOY alloy 909
- For turbine blades and vanes
- INCONEL alloy MA754
- NIMONIC alloys 80A, 90, 101, 105 115
- For discs and shafts
- INCONEL alloys 706, 718 X-750
- NIMONIC alloys 90, 105, 901
- Waspaloy
- INCOLOY alloys 903 909
- Rene 88, 95
- IN 100
- UDIMET alloys 700 720
- UDIMAR alloys 250 300
8-
- For casings, rings, and seals
INCONEL alloys 600, 617, 625, 718, X-750, 783
HX NIMONIC alloys 75, 80A, 90, 105, 263, 901,
PE11, PE16 PK33 Waspaloy INCOLOY alloy 909
9For sheet fabrications (combustors, ducting,
exhaust systems, thrust reversers, hush kits,
afterburners, etc.)
- INCONEL alloys 600, 601, 617, 625, 625LCF, 718,
718SPF, - X-750 HX
- NIMONIC alloys 75, 86, 263, PE11, PE16 PK 33
- INCOLOY alloy MA956
- UDIMET alloys 188 and L-605
10For fasteners and general engine hardware
- INCONEL alloys 600, 625, 718 X-750
- NIMONIC alloys 80A, 90, 105, 263 901
- INCOLOY alloy A-286
- Waspaloy
1135N LT
- Melt Practice
- This superalloy is typically double melted
to remove impurities. - However this melt practice is an enhancement
of the standard melt practice for ASTM F-562
material yielding much lower inclusion counts. - This results in improved fatigue life of
as-drawn wire by as much as 800.
12Typical Chemistry
13 Mechanical Properties
14Thermal Treatment
- A reducing atmosphere is preferred for thermal
treatment but inert gas can be used. - 35N LT will fully anneal at 1010-1177C in just a
few minutes. For optimum mechanical properties,
cold worked 35N LT should be aged at 583-593C
for four hours.
15Applications
- 35N LT is an excellent combination of strength
and corrosion resistance.
- Typically used in the coldworked condition,
tensile strengths are typically comparable to
304. - End uses in the medical field are pacing leads,
stylets, catheters and orthopaedic cables.
16(No Transcript)
17MP35N
- Melt Practice
- This superalloy is initially melted using Vacuum
Induction Melting (VIM) techniques. - This is followed by an Electro Slag Remelt (ESR)
to remove some impurities. This practice may be
followed by Vacuum Arc Remelting (VAR). The
triple-melt practice is thought to give best
overall performance for this alloy.
18- MP35N alloy is a nonmagnetic, nickel-cobalt-chromi
um-molybdenum alloy possessing a unique
combination of ultrahigh tensile strength (up to
300 ksi 2068 MPa), good ductility and
toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance. - In addition, this alloy displays exceptional
resistance to sulfidation, high temperature
oxidation, and hydrogen embrittlement.
19- The unique properties of MP35N alloy are
developed through work hardening, phase
transformation and aging. If the alloy is used in
the fully work hardened condition, service
temperatures up to 399C are suggested.
20Typical Chemistry
21 22Thermal Treatment
- A reducing atmosphere is preferred for thermal
treatment but inert gas can be used. MP35N will
fully anneal at 1010-1177.25C in just a few
minutes. - For optimum mechanical properties, cold worked
MP35N should be aged at 583-593.25C for four
hours.
23 24Mechanical Properties
25Applications
- MP35N is an excellent combination of strength and
corrosion resistance. Typically used in the
cold-worked condition, tensile strengths are
typically comparable to 304. End uses in the
medical field are pacing leads, stylets,
catheters and orthopaedic cables.
26Surface Conditions
- Cobalt based alloys develop a highly polished
- appearance as they are drawn to fine diameters.
Surface - roughness can be less than 5 RMS when processed
- using SCND dies and measured with a
profilometer. - Diameters over .040" will not have as smooth a
finish - because of polycrystaline dies. Diameters over
.100" - have an even rougher surface because they are
drawn - with carbide dies.
- Additional finish treatments can enhance the
surface of the wire. - SCND means single crystal natural diamond.
27FWM 1058 Alloy
- General
- FWM 1058 Alloy, Conichrome, Phynox and
Elgiloy are all trademark names for the
cobalt-chromium-nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
specified by ASTM F 1058 and ISO 5832-7. - Batelle Laboratories originally developed the
alloy for making watch springs, and it was
patented in 1950.
28- As demonstrated in the table below, the current
FWM 1058 Alloy melt specification, specifically
designed by Fort Wayne Metals, is equivalent to
Conichrome, Phynox and Elgiloy.
29 Typical Chemistry ()
30- The alloy is first melted using Vacuum Induction
Melting (VIM) techniques. A secondary melt
operation, Electro Slag Remelt (ESR), is then
employed to further remove impurities and improve
overall homogeneity.
31- FWM 1058 Alloy derives its maximum properties
from a combination of cold work and thermal
processing, and is not a true precipitation-harden
ing alloy since the response to heat treatment is
a function of the degree of cold work.
32Physical Properties
33Thermal Treatment
- After cold working, the mechanical strength of
this cobalt based super alloy can be increased by
heat treating. In wire form, cold worked FWM 1058
Alloy will gain tensile strength at temperatures
from 480-540C when exposed for approximately 2-5
hours. Reducing or inert atmospheres are
typically used for protection during thermal
treatment. After annealing with a rapid quench,
the alloy has a face-centered cubic structure.
34- Reducing or inert atmospheres are typically used
for protection during thermal treatment. - After annealing with a rapid quench, the alloy
has a face-centered cubic structure.
35Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Surgical implants constructed of FWM 1058
Alloy wire can be safely imaged using magnetic
resonance without risk of migration and with
minimal image degradation because of the
nonmagnetic characteristics of - the material.
36Biocompatibility
- Although there is no universally accepted
definition for biocompatibility of biomaterials,
a medical device should be safe for its intended
use. ASTM F 1058 alloy has been employed
successfully in human implant applications in
contact with soft tissue and bone for over a
decade. - Long-term clinical experience of the use of this
material has shown that an acceptable level of
biological response can be expected if the alloy
is used in appropriate applications.
37Surface Conditions
- Cobalt based alloys develop a highly polished
appearance as they are drawn to fine diameters.
Surface roughness can be less than 5 RMS when
processed using single crystal natural diamond
(SCND) dies and measured with a profilometer.
38- Diameters over 0.040" will not have as smooth a
finish because they are drawn through
polycrystalline dies. Wire measuring over 0.100"
will have an even rougher surface because it is
drawn through carbide dies. However, the surface
of the wire can be enhanced with additional
finish treatments.
39 Mechanical Properties
40Applications
- Because of its excellent corrosion resistance,
mechanical strength and fatigue resistance
combined with high elastic modulus, FWM 1058
Alloy wire and rod is an attractive candidate for
surgical implants.
41- It is one of the preferred materials for the
fabrication of various stents, pacemaker lead
conductors, surgical clips, vena cava filters,
orthopaedic cables, and orthodontic appliances.
The alloy is also commonly used in the
watchmaking industry as a precision spring
material.
42Ti 6Al-4V ELI
- One of the most commonly used titanium
alloys is an alpha-beta alloy containing 6 Al
and 4 V. This alloy, usually referred to as Ti
6Al-4V, exhibits an excellent combination - of corrosion resistance,
- strength and toughness.
43- Typical uses include medical devices or implants,
aerospace applications and pressure vessels. In
the case of medical applications, stringent user
specifications require controlled microstructures
and freedom from melt imperfections.
44- The interstitial elements of iron and oxygen are
carefully controlled to improve ductility and
fracture toughness. Controlled interstitial
element levels are designated ELI (extra low
interstitials). Hence the designation Ti 6Al-4V
ELI.
45Typical Chemistry
Titanium alloy powder preparation for selective
laser sintering
46Surface Conditions
- Ti 6Al-4V ELI has a tendency to stick, fret or
cold weld with drawing dies during processing.
Common industry practice to avoid this condition
usually employs heavy etching or pickling at
finish size resulting in a course or very
textured surface. - Fort Wayne Metals has developed processing
techniques with enhanced surface treatments which
require minimal etching at finish size to remove
residual oxide, yielding a cleaner and smoother
surface finish.
47Diameter Tolerances
- Enhanced surface treatments and processing
techniques allow Fort Wayne Metals to offer
tighter and more controlled - tolerances. The chart in the right column
details standard diameter tolerances for Ti
6Al-4V ELI in wire and coil forms. - Most diameters can be produced to tighter
tolerances.
48Applications
- Fort Wayne Metals manufactures Ti 6Al-4V ELI in
- straightened and cut bar, coil, strands and
cables, flat wire - and wire form to support a variety of critical
medical and - industrial based applications. End uses include
- Orthopaedic pins and screws Springs
- Orthopaedic cables Surgical staples
- Orthodontic appliances Ligature clips
49Values are typical and may not represent all
diameters.
Test method will affect results.Ti 6Al-4V ELI in
centerless ground bar, coil, and wire can be
offered in annealed or cold worked conditions.
50Other Titanium Titanium Alloys Available
- CPTi Gr.1 Ti 6Al-4V ELI
- CPTi Gr.2 Ti 6Al-7Nb
- CPTi Gr.3 Ti 3Al-2.5V
- CPTi Gr.4 Ti 3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo 4Zr
- (Ti Beta C)
51THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION