Our Forests

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Our Forests Oceans
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• Forests cover 30 of the earths land surface 
• World consumes approximately 3.5 billion tons
  of wood per year
• 50 USED FOR INDUSTRIAL TIMBER
• - construction products
• - lumber
• - plywood
• - pulp paper
• - particle board
•  
• 50 USED FOR COOKING FUEL!

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A. State of World Forests

• Temperate forests are increasing in area
• reforestation in U.S./Canada W. Europe
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• Tropical forests are decreasing in area
• deforestation in Amazon, Congo, S.E. Asia
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?voBIA0lqfcN4
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• - developing countries lose 2 of forests a year

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B. Reasons for deforestation

• 1. Shifting Cultivation slash burn
• 2. Commercial purposes
• convert land to agriculture (Brazil Indonesia)
• wood harvested for pulp lumber (commercial)
• metals, minerals, oil exist below the forests 
• Overall poor government management
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vM4jhjt1_eyM
• 10,000 years ago 6 billion acres of tropical
  rainforests
• 1950 2.8 billion acres
• Today Less than 1.5 billion acres left
• At this rate no tropical forests left in 30
  years!

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Tropical rainforest destruction
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C. Environmental Consequences

• Increase in Global warming CO2 emissions
• Each day about 80,000 acres of forests disappear
• Ozone depletion
• Deforestation rates HAVE NOT slowed

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Increase in Tropical Deforestation Around the
World
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World Fisheries

• 87 of commercial fish catches are from our
  oceans
• 1950 22 million tons of fish caught
• 1989 catch 100 million tons

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A. Ocean Issues

• Overfishing
• Dead Zones low levels of dissolved oxygen
  (hypoxia)
• Health of coral reefs
• As of 2007
• 28 of monitored stocks are overexploited,
  depleted, or recovering from depletion.
• 52 are fully exploited (producing catches at or
  close to maximum sustainable limits with no room
  for expansion)

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Rebuilding North Atlantic Swordfish, a Report
for the U.S. Congress and the Administration
1998, Recreation Fishing Alliance
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Declining Shark Populations
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vtAzxkDQFPe0
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B. Coral Reefs

• Negatively impacted by
• Global warming
• Urban run-off
• Bleaching
• Development
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?veIul2ObvKV8
• http//video.nationalgeographic.com/video/coral-re
  efs

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Global Distribution of Reefs
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Coastal Development
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Hanauma Bay Hawaii

• Millions of tourists nearly destroyed it between
  the 1960s-80s.
• Closed on Tuesdays to let wildlife feed unimpeded
  by tourists
• Visitors must watch a 9-minute video before
  visiting for the first time.

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Oceanic Dead Zones Ocean Pollution
https//www.youtube.com/watch?vXEZpo9uLIc0
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http//oceantoday.noaa.gov/happnowdeadzone/
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C. Is Aquaculture the Answer?

• Mangroves are being replaced by shrimp fish
  farms
• Mangroves provide
• - storm protection- fish nurseries- bird
  habitat

Mangroves Replaced by Shrimp Farms
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Shrimp farms replacing mangroves in Gulf of
Fonseca, Honduras
1987-1999 shrimp farms and ponds have
mushroomed, carpeting the landscape around the
Gulf of Fonseca, in blocks of blue and black
shapes
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