The Rural-Urban Fringe

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The Rural-Urban Fringe Green Belts

• Aim To find out what has happened on the
  Rural-Urban Fringe and why Green Belts have been
  set up by the government.

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The Rural-Urban Fringe
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What is the rural-urban fringe?

• It is the area where the city meets the
  countryside.

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Recently there has been increasing demand for
land on the RUF because

• Land is cheaper
• There is less traffic congestion and pollution
• There is easier access and a better road
  infrastructure
• There is a more pleasant environment with more
  open space

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What do developers want the land for?

• Housing developments as urban sprawl continues
• Science and business parks
• Hyper-markets and superstores
• Retail parks out of town shopping centres
• Office developments
• Hotels and conference centres
• Airport expansion

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Shopping Centres
Why do they want to locate at the RUF?
Cheap land
Room to expand
Close to motorways
Space for parking
Leisure facilities can also be provided
Local suburban work force
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The Trafford Centre, Manchester

• Opened 1998.
• 5.5mn people, almost 10 of the UKs total pop
  live within 45 mins drive.
• 2005 29.4mn people visited
• More than just a shopping centre 1,600 seat
  food court, bowling alley, Laser Quest, 20 screen
  cinema.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vT5PMwGXCNaUfeature
related
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Advantages Disadvantages

• Advantages good motorway links, own bus station,
  11,000 free parking spaces, services (banks, PO,
  travel agents), crèche, weatherproof air con,
  disabled facilities.
• Disadvantages Congestion pressure on local
  roads, artificial atmosphere, big chains, as too
  expensive for local shops, effected Manchesters
  CBD Marks Spencer's realised there mistake
  when they first didnt chose to locate in the
  centre. Some stores have left central Manchester.

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Housing

• Why is housing built at the RUF?

More housing is needed as more people are living
alone and living longer.
Land is cheap
Peace and quiet
Less crime
Easy access to motorways
Good access to countryside
GATM video
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Airports

• Massive increase in air traffic predicted by
  2030.
• Low cost carriers such as Easy Jet are increasing
  their routes and passenger numbers.
• Expansion of Bournemouth Airport
• Problems noise air pollution, more traffic in
  the area, loss of biodiversity, visual pollution.

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What are the negative impacts caused by
developing the RUF?

• Large areas of countryside may be lost
• Buildings may be out of character with existing
  rural buildings
• Villages become suburbanised
• Traffic is likely to increase ( both cars and
  lorries)
• There may be some noise or pollution
• NIMBYism

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How can change at the RUF be managed?

• Creating Green Belts a zone of countryside
  around a city where development is
  controlled.They aim to
• Prevent urban sprawl
• Prevent towns merging
• Preserve the special character of towns
• NOT ALL CITIES HAVE GREEN BELTS.
• Examples include London, Oxford and Bournemouth.
• However, greenbelts are often leap-frogged and
  development happens just outside it. 1100 hec
  lost each year since 97.
• http//news.bbc.co.uk/media/avdb/news_web/video/90
  12da68001e538/bb/09012da68001e72d_16x9_bb.asx
• BBC Video clip How they have benefited England.

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How can development at the RUF be managed?

• New Towns
• e.g Stevenage
• At the end of the second world war towns were
  created just outside Londons green belt to
  prevent London spreading and give people a better
  way of life.

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Other Policies

• In recent years the Government has tried to
  reduce pressure on the RUF by encouraging
  development of brownfield sites over greenfield
  sites, and stopping any more out of town shopping
  centres from being built.

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Greenfield Vs Brownfield

• Why build on Brownfield Sites?- many areas have
  unoccupied houses which could be upgraded-
  brownfield sites already have utilities such as
  water and gas pipes- development in urban as
  opposed to rural areas can help reduce reliance
  on cars

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Greenfield Vs Brownfield

• Why build on Greenfield Sites?- cheaper to build
  on (don't have demolition costs) and lower
  land-values than in urban areas- generally
  perceived as better quality of life in the
  countryside
• Also part 1 video the reasons and part 2 the
  effects

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Key vocab

• GreenBelts - countryside area around an urban
  area which are protected from development to
  restrict urban sprawlBrownfield Site - an area
  of land previously build on where developments
  have been demolished and new building can take
  placeGreenfield Site - an area of countryside
  never built on before
• Out-of-town Shopping Centres - large retail
  developments found in out-of-town locations close
  to major transport links.
• Rural-urban fringe - where urban areas meet the
  surrounding countryside
• Urban Sprawl - uncontrolled growth on the edge of
  a settlement

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Is Asda coming to Salisbury?

• Asda have applied to build a new store on the
  London road roundabout (by the new gym and
  Leapfrog)
• Why would some people be against this
  development?
• Why would some people be for this development?