Aztec, Maya and Inca Civilizations

1
The Age of the Democratic Revolutions
2
Origins of the American Revolution

• Since the founding of Jamestown in 1607, the
  American colonists had been subjects of Great
  Britain.
• This meant that they were entitled to all the
  rights of Englishmen.

3
Enlightenment and Revolution

• Religious beliefs, the Glorious Revolution and
  Enlightenment ideals all influenced the American
  Revolution. How?
• Churches were places where colonists gathered.
  The ideas spread.
• The Glorious Revolution had demonstrated the
  English subjects could be justified in
  overthrowing a ruler.
• The Enlightenment discussed natural rights
  taxation without representation.

4
Enlightenment and Revolution Continued

• To prevent unrest, the British government sent
  more troops to the American colonies.
• The colonists were forced to pay a duty (tax) on
  tea.
• The Boston Tea Party
• British troops vs. the colonists
• Thomas Paine, published Common Sense, which
  applied Enlightenment ideas to the colonists
  cause of independence.
• In 1776, the colonists declared their
  independence.

5
Acting as an Amateur Historian
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas
Jefferson put forth many of the ideas of
Enlightenment thinkers
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that
all men are created equal, that they are endowed
by their Creator with certain Unalienable Rights,
that among these are Life, Liberty and the
pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of
the governed. That whenever any Form of
Government becomes destructive of these ends, it
is the right of the People to after or abolish
it, and to institute new Government WHICH
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS DID JEFFERSON USE IN THIS
OPENING PARAGRAPH?
6
Constitutional Convention

• After winning their independence in 1783, the
  Americans sent representatives to a
  Constitutional Convention.
• U.S. Constitution was created.
• Power was shared between the national government
  and state government.
• Legislative, executive, and judicial branches
  divided the governmental power.
• Constitution gave each of these branches several
  ways to check each other (Checks and
  Balances)

7
Bill of Rights

• A Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to
  include protections of individual rights.

8
The French Revolution
9
Sit back and enjoy
A Revolution in France
10
Causes of the French Revolution

• French Social Divisions
• Old Regime Society was divided into 3 classes
  or estates
• First Estate the clergy
• Second Estate nobility
• Third Estate common people and bourgeoisie
  (merchants, professionals, and shopkeepers)
• The Impact of Enlightenment Ideals
• The Third Estate resented the special privileges
  of the nobles
• Financial Crisis
• Wars with Britain
• Assisting the Americans during the American
  Revolution

11
What does this political cartoon say about the
Three Estates?
12
Main events of the Revolution

• Estates General
• A national assembly in which each of the three
  estates was represented.
• Third Estate elected twice as many delegates to
  the Estates General.
• Abbe Sieyes, an Enlightenment thinker, wrote that
  the Third Estate represented the productive and
  useful citizens of France.
• The Third Estate declared themselves as the
  National Assembly.

13
Storming the Bastille

• The King sought to break up the National
  Assembly.
• So, the people seized the prison of Bastille, to
  look for weapons.
• The king recognized the new National Assembly.

14
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

• A document issued by the National Assembly.
• The government rested on the consent of the
  people (Popular Sovereignty) and not the king.
• France became a constitutional monarchy
• King shares power with the people.

15
The Revolution takes a radical turn

• A poor harvest in France caused the people to
  overthrow the monarchy.
• France became a republic.
• Committee of Public Safety took over.
• This began a Reign of Terror
• Directed by Robespierre
• Over 40,00 people were murdered during the Reign
  of Terror

16
Comparison of the American and French Revolution

• Complete the Compare the American and French
  Revolutions chart provided for you.

17
The Rise and Fall of Napoleon
18
Napoleon Bonaparte

• Born 1769 in the island of Corsica
• Died 1821
• Napoleon proved to be one of the most gifted
  generals of all times.
• He developed new tactics for mass armies in the
  Age of Revolution.

19
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

• After the fall of Robespierre, Napoleon seized
  control over France.
• He introduced reforms in France
• New legal code
• Settlement with the Catholic Church
• Five years later, he crowned himself emperor of
  the French Empire.

20
Napoleons European Empire
21
The Fall of Napoleon
22
The Fall of Napoleon

• Causes of the Fall of Napoleon
• Napoleons policy of boycotting British goods
  backfired on France.
• The economy crashed as a result.
• The inability to invade England.
• The unpopularity of French rule throughout
  Europe.

23
Napoleons Russian Campaign

• Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 French
  troops.
• Russia refused to surrender.
• The Russians burned Moscow to the ground.
• The French were forced to surrender.
• 10,000 returned to Paris.

24
Napoleons Exile

• After the Russian defeat, Napoleon was sent into
  exile (banished).
• He escaped and returned to France.
• Fought in the Battle of Waterloo and lost.

25
The Impact of Napoleon

• Napoleonic Code
• Law code that established social equality
• Introduced ideas of the French Revolution to
  Europe.
• Growth of Nationalism
• Belief that each nationality should have its own
  government.

26
Restoring the Old Order

• Congress of Vienna
• Purpose To redraw Europes boundaries
• Balance of Power was established.
• No one country could become powerful.
• Create lasting peace

27
Restoring the Old Order continued

• William Wilberforce
• Responsible for leading the abolition of slavery
  in England in 1800s.

28
The Independence of Latin America

• Abuses of the Colonial System
• Colonists resented Peninsulares political
  power.
• Also, they resented Spanish economic restrictions.

29
The Independence of Latin America

• Revolutionary Ideas Spread to Latin America
• Colonists thought they were entitled to rule
  their own government.

30
Bolivar and the Struggle for Independence

• Simon Bolivar
• Known as the Liberator
• Fought for independence of Venezuela.
• Decree of War to the Death
• Threatened those who opposed Bolivars cause.
• Liberated Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.