Pork, the other white meat

1
Pork, the other white meat
2
Industry/Production

• Farrow to Finish
• Feeder pig Producer
• Grower to Finisher
• Seedstock

3
Farrow to Finish

• Pigs are owned from conception through marketing
  to the packer.
• Primarily located in the Corn Belt states
• Soybean meal serves as a the basis for diets for
  hogs.
• Iowa produces 25 of all the hogs in the U.S..
• Gestation period for hogs is 3months 3 weeks
  3days or 114- 116 days.

4
Cont

• World leaders in swine numbers
• China
• Ussr
• US
• Per capita Denmark leads with the U.S. ranking
  3rd
• Daily care of farrowing houses is required
• Value Based Marketing is more prevalent in this
  industry than other meat species.

5
Feeder pig Producers

• Same as farrow to finish except that the pigs are
  marketed as feeder pigs weighing 30-50 lbs.
• There are very few of these producers.

6
Seedstock

• Provide the producers with the genetics for the
  commercial industry.
• Generally purebred breeders, however some are
  producing x-breed gilts for replacement.
• Selection criteria is based upon sire and
  maternal line needs and thus may vary from one
  breed to the next.
• More concerned with the commercial swine industry
  than other red meat species.

7
What are the types of Hogs?

• Primary Lean Cuts hams, loins, picnic shoulder
  , Boston Butts
• Meat Type Hog more than half the weight of a
  Number 1 animal is Primary Lean Cuts
• Bacon Type Hog less than 1/2 is PLC
• large litter size
• little value in U.S. except to increase litter
  size

8
Parts of the Hog
9
Hogs

• Cuts of Meat

10
Hog Selection industry

• Feed Conversion Rate pounds of feed needed to
  make a pound of hog
• no more than 3 lbs of feed per 1 lb of hog
• Minimum Litter Size 9
• First Litter should have a combined pig wt at 21
  days of 95 lbs or more
• 110 lbs for a mature sow

11
Feeding Hogs

• Need more protein vitamins than ruminants
• lots of water - susceptible to heat stress
• Feeders need lots of protein
• Finishing needs lots of energy
• Crude Protein total protein in feed, not all is
  used by the animal
• Digestible Protein amount of protein that the
  animal can actually use

12
Feeding Hogs

• Antibiotics often added to feed to prevent
  disease, grow faster
• Full Feeding animals get all the feed that they
  want (self feeder)
• usually not done with breeding stock, if sows are
  too fat, they wont get pregnant
• Hand Feeding animals are fed rations at chore
  time

13
Hog Management

• Sanitation is critical
• facilities should be easy to clean - concrete
• inspect new pigs
• clean pens whenever pigs are moved
• isolate new pigs for 3 weeks
• Cholera can wipe out an entire herd
• Chester White needs sun protection
• sunburn
• Pens maximum of 30 pigs / pen

14
Breeding

• Flush sows before breeding
• increasing level of nutrition
• 4 days before farrowing, put sows in farrowing
  crate (disinfect pen sow)
• Heat lamp on babies
• Exercise sow daily
• 3 Days old - clip needle teeth(immediately)

15
Breeding

• 10 days old - begin creep feeding (feed for the
  babies only)
• 1 month - vaccinate castrate males
• 2 months (30 lbs) - wean

16
Livestock Terms

• What do you call a mature male hog?
• Boar
• What do you call a mature female hog?
• Sow
• What do you call the act of giving birth?
• Farrowing
• What do you call a castrated male hog?
• Barrow

17
Livestock Terms

• What do you call an young female hog?
• Gilt
• What is the gestation for hogs?
• 114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days

18
Berkshire
19
Berkshire

• Black with 6 white spots one on each foot, the
  snout, and tail
• Erect ears
• Leaner with less fat

20
Chester White
21
Duroc
22
Duroc

• Red or Reddish-Brown Color
• Droopy Ears
• Known for prolificacy and hardiness of meat
• Good Feed Conversion

23
Hampshire
24
Hampshire

• Black with white stripe around front shoulders
• Known for carcass quality
• Other half of bluebutt cross

25
Landrace
26
Landrace

• Pink or White
• Droopy Ears
• Large litters

27
Poland China
28
Poland China

• Black with white spots on feet and tips of tail
  and nose, may have white elsewhere
• Droopy ears
• Carcasses with low back fat and large loin eyes

29
Spots
30
Spotted Poland China

• White and black, with neither covering more than
  80 of body
• Also known as Spots
• Large framed bodies

31
Yorkshire

• Pink or White
• Known for mothering ability
• Long bodies, good for bacon
• Half of bluebutt market hog, the most common
  crossbreed

32
Feed Ingredients
Hogs require a substantial amount of protein in
their diet, but cant digest it without
carbohydrates. Therefore pig feed is balanced
with a carbohydrate and a protein, most commonly
corn and soybeans.

• Protein
• Soybeans
• Fish Meal

• Carbohydrates
• Corn
• Wheat
• Oats
• Barley
• Sorghum