Glaciation of Canada

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GlaciationofCanada
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Glaciers

• Definition large, moving mass of ice that
  shapes the landscape by eroding, transporting,
  and depositing huge volumes of rocks and sediments

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Glaciers and the Great Lakes
COVERING ALL OF CANADA! (Except highest peaks)
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How Glaciers Move

• Pressure underneath glacier gravity moving
  glacier

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Formation

• ice moves like a very thick liquid
• Three Zones
• Zone of Accumulation (more new snow than melting
  evaporation)
• Balance Area or Equilibrium Line (No change)
• Zone of Ablation (more melting than new snow)

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There are two types of Glaciers
ALPINE
CONTINENTAL

• Their movement is mainly due to gravity
• Some still exist in the western mountains

• They move due to their own weight
• The northern ice cap is one of these

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U-Shaped Valley
Glaciers pass through jagged mountain valleys
making them smooth and u-shaped after the ice
retreats.
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Striations
Rocks are carried in the bottom of a glacier act
like cutting tools. The direction of these
grooves shows which way the glacier traveled.
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Till
This is the material picked up and carried by the
glacier. It is made up of everything from very
fine particles of sand, to huge boulders.
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Till Plain
When the ice melts and leaves a layer of till
behind, it is called a till plain. It is flat or
gently rolling. They are very useful as
farmland, due to the rich deep soil left behind.
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Moraines
These are ridges of till left either at the front
or sides of a glacier as it retreats.
Oak Ridges Moraine
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Drumlin
These are egg shaped hills of deposited material
from a glacier.
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Erratic Large rock carried by the ice.
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Esker
A long sinuous ridge of sand and gravel deposited
by water flowing under a glacier or ice sheet.
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Kettle Lakes Former ice blocks that have melted
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Kame Material deposited through holes in the ice