ANCIENT ROME

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ANCIENT ROME
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ORIGINS OF ROME

• 754 BC Romulus and Remus
• Twins sons of Mars, God of War
• Cast adrift down the Tiber River
• Raised by She-wolf
• Romulus killed his brother Remus
• Romulus est. Roma Quadrata
• 1ST King of Rome

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ROMULUS AND REMUS

• 5TH Century Bronze sculpture

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PALATINE HILL

• 1ST Roman settlements
• Huts of Romulus
• Hills on bank of Tiber River
• Excellent farmland
• Center of Italian Peninsula

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ROMAN SOCIETY

• FAMILY was basic unit
• Father had Absolute Power
• Women
• Larger role than in Greek society
• Most worked at home
• In charge of large gatherings

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EDUCATION

• All classes men and women learned to read and
  write
• Wealthy Romans hired private tutors
• HISTORY was important subject
• Adopted Etruscans writing and alphabet

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RELIGION

• Adopted from Greeks and Etruscans
• Etruscan Rituals helped have favor with Gods
  and Goddesses
• Roman Gods and Goddesses
• Jupiter God of Sky and all other Gods
• Juno wife of Jupiter Goddess of Marriage
• Mars God of War (Romulus and Remus)

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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY
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EARLY REPUBLIC

• 600 BC
• Ruled by Etruscan King
• City grew to 500 square miles
• Valley below Palatine Hill was drained and made
  center Public meeting place
• 509 BC
• Tarquin the Proud
• Last Tyrant King driven from power
• Roman aristocrats declared no more kings

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Roman Forum
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• Republic
• Form of government which citizens have power to
  vote
• Patricians
• Aristocrat landowners that held most of the power
• Plebeians
• Common farmer, artisans, and merchants
• Majority of population
• Tribunes
• Elected officials protected rights of Plebeians
• Became corrupt

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GOVERNMENT

• Senate
• 300 Patricians
• Two Consuls (elected officials)
• Supervise business affairs
• Command armies
• During war Senate would elect Dictator for 6
  months
• 12 Tablets
• 1st Roman written law by Tribunes

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EARLY REPUBLIC
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CINCINNATUS

• Organized army
• Led to victory
• Returned to farmland
• 16 days total as Dictator

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QA

1. How was Rome established?
2. Describe the Roman religion.
3. Describe Roman Education.
4. What is a Republic?
5. How was Roman government different from the
   Greeks?
6. What is a Patrician?
7. What is a Plebeian?
8. What is a Tribune?
9. Who were the Consuls?

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PUNIC WARS
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Roman Army

• All Citizens who owned land were required to
  serve in the army
• 10 yrs of service

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LEGION

• Infantry
• 5,000-6,000 soldiers
• Calvary
• 1000 soldiers
• Century
• Divisions of Legion
• Could act independently
• Flexibility was strength of Legions

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• 3 CATEGORIES OF CONQUERED PEOPLE

• Latin full citizenship with right to vote
• Far territories citizenship, no right to vote
• Allies sent troops to Roman Army, did not make
  treaties with Roman enemies

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ROMAN TRADE

• Location great for land and sea trade
• Variety of foods, olive oil, raw and manufactured
  goods
• Controlled almost all trade in Mediterranean Sea

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Roman power

• 400 BC
• Rome gained control of Italian Penn.
• Expansion weakened and crushed Republic
• More land, More , More power, More Corruption
  and Greed
• 390 BC the Gauls (Celtics from the North)
  sacked Rome

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CARTHAGE

• Location
• North edge of peninsula on African Coast
• SW of Sicily
• Dominate city in Med
• Controlled Sicily
• Rome wanted the island

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PUNIC WARS

• 1ST Punic War
• 264-241 BC
• Fought on Sicily and North Africa
• Rome victorious
• Gained control of Sicily and Western Med.

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HANNIBAL

• Son of Carthage General
• King during 2nd Punic war
• Raised from birth to hate Romans and vowed
  Revenge for 1st Punic War
• Conquer or Die!!!

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• Hannibal counting the rings of dead Roman
  Soldiers

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2nd Punic War

• 218-202 BC
• 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants
• Hannibal led army across Straits of Gibraltar,
  through Pyrenees and Alps (1/2 of army did not
  make it)
• Surprise attack on Roman Empire
• 10 yrs marched throughout empire at will

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• Battle of Cannae
• 216 BC
• Hannibal destroyed the bigger Roman Army
• Rome attacked Carthage
• Carthage was left unprotected
• Hannibal had to return to Carthage to defend his
  city
• Battle of Zama
• Romans led by Scipio Africanus
• Ends 2nd Punic War

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3rd PUNIC WAR

• 149-146 BC
• Battle of Carthage
• Siege of Carthage
• 6 days of fighting
• Rome sacked Carthage
• Salted the earth so nothing else could grow
• Rest of Carthage died of starvation

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QA

1. Who fought in the Punic Wars?
2. What was gained/lost from the 1st Punic War?
3. Who was Hannibal?
4. Describe the 2nd Punic War?
5. What was important about the 3rd Punic War?