MACHINE SHOP SAFETY

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MACHINE SHOP SAFETY
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sections

1. Walking and Working Surfaces
2. Means of Egress (Exits, Exit Markings)
3. Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
   (Ventilation, Noise, Radiation)
4. Hazardous Materials (Compressed Gases, Flammable
   and Combustible Liquids, etc.)
5. Personal Protective Equipment (Eye and Face
   Protection, Respiratory Protection, etc.)
6. Fire Protection (Portable Fire Extinguishers,
   etc.)
7. Material Handling and Storage (Powered
   Industrial Trucks, Cranes)
8. Machinery and Machine Guarding (Mechanical Power
   Presses, Abrasive Wheels, etc.)
9. Hand and Portable Powered Tools
10. Welding, Cutting, and Brazing
11. Electrical
12. Toxic and Hazardous Substances

NOTE Although many shops may not have these
particular hazards/issues/concerns many shops may
have others not listed. This lesson does not
contain information that addresses every shop
hazard. It is the supervisor's responsibility to
perform a Hazard Assessment to determine existing
and predictable hazards. It is highly recommended
the shop supervisor or designee contact EHS for
guidance at 480-965-1823 or ehs_at_asu.edu
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 1
Machine Shop Safety
Walking and Working Surfaces Housekeeping
Shop floors shall be maintained in a sanitary,
clean and, so far as possible, a dry condition.
Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be
provided, and false floors, platforms, mats, or
other dry standing places should be provided
where practicable.
To facilitate cleaning make sure the floors,
working place, and passageway are kept free from
protruding nails, splinters, holes, or loose
boards.
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Section 1
Machine Shop Safety
Walking and Working Surfaces Housekeeping
If mechanical handling equipment is used,
sufficient safe clearances shall be allowed for
aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and
wherever turns or passage must be made. Aisles
and passageways shall be kept clear and in good
repairs, with no obstruction across or in
aisles that could create a hazard.
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Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 1
Machine Shop Safety
Walking and Working Surfaces Housekeeping
If materials are stored on a mezzanine floor or
if the mezzanine is used as office space the
mezzanine floor must be load tested and a plate
installed indicating the approved floor loading.
The plates shall not be removed or defaced but,
if lost, removed, or defaced, shall be replaced
immediately!
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Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 2
Machine Shop Safety
Exits and Exits Markings
An exit route must be permanent. Each exit route
must be a permanent part of the workshop!

• Each exit and exit markings, at a minimum, shall
  be
• Clearly identifiable
• Effectively illuminated
• Instructed to the occupants
• Free from obstructions

For More Information and Guidance Contact The
ASU Fire Marshal's Office at 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 3
Machine Shop Safety
Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
(Ventilation, Noise)

• An exhaust ventilation system for removing
  contaminated air
• from a space shall be comprised of two or more of
  the following elements
• enclosure or hood,
• duct work,
• dust collecting equipment,
• exhauster,
• discharge stack.

For More Information and Guidance Contact ASU
EHS at 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 3
Machine Shop Safety
Occupational Health and Environmental Controls
(Ventilation, Noise)
ASU has an established (and maintains) an
audiometric testing program for all employees
whose exposures equal or exceed an 8-hour
time-weighted average of 85 decibels. To
determine your sound levels and requirements
contact ASU EHS at 480-965-1823.
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 4
Machine Shop Safety
Hazardous Materials (Compressed Gases, Flammable
and Combustible Liquids)
Each workshop supervisor shall determine that
compressed gas cylinders under their control are
in a safe condition to the extent that this can
be determined by visual inspection. All
cylinders, at a minimum, shall be a.
Identifiable as to the type of gas, b. Secured at
the upper half of the cylinder, c. Capped when
not in use.
Incompatible gasses shall not be stored together.
For More Information and Training Contact ASU
EHS at 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 4
Machine Shop Safety
Hazardous Materials (Compressed Gases, Flammable
and Combustible Liquids)
"Flammable liquid" means any liquid having a
flashpoint below 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.),
except any mixture having components with
flashpoints of 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.) or
higher, the total of which make up 99 percent or
more of the total volume of the mixture.
ALL FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS SHALL BE PROPER STORED,
CONTROLLED AND DISPOSED OF.
For More Information and Guidance Contact The
ASU Fire Marshal's Office At 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 4
Machine Shop Safety
Hazardous Materials (Compressed Gases, Flammable
and Combustible Liquids)
"Combustible liquid" means any liquid having a
flashpoint at or above 100 deg. F. (37.8 deg. C.)
ALL COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS SHALL BE PROPER STORED,
CONTROLLED AND DISPOSED OF.
For More Information and Guidance Contact The
ASU Fire Marshal's Office At 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 5
Machine Shop Safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Protective equipment, including PPE for eyes,
face, head, and extremities, protective clothing,
respiratory devices, and protective shields and
barriers, shall be provided, used, and maintained
in a sanitary and reliable condition wherever it
is necessary by reason of hazards of processes
or environment, chemical hazards,
radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants
encountered in a manner capable of causing
injury or impairment in the function of any
part of the body through absorption, inhalation
or physical contact.
Contact ASU EHS at 480-965-1823 for Assistance
With Workshop Hazard Assessments and PPE
Determinations.
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 5
Machine Shop Safety
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Where spraying operations take place be sure to
have the operations evaluated for potential air
contaminants, what respiratory PPE is required
and other regulatory requirements!
Respirator use requires a personal medical
evaluation, training and respirator fit testing
by a qualified person!
Nuisance dust masks are not an effective means
of respiratory protection where chemicals are
used!

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 6
Machine Shop Safety
Fire Protection Portable Fire Extinguishers
The workshop shall provide portable fire
extinguishers and shall mount, locate and
identify them so that they are readily accessible
to the users without subjecting the user to
possible injury. The workshop shall not provide
or make available in the workshop portable fire
extinguishers using carbon tetrachloride or
chlorobromomethane extinguishing agents. The
workshop shall assure that portable fire
extinguishers are maintained in a fully charged
and operable condition and kept in their
designated places at all times.
For More Information, Guidance and Training
Contact The ASU Fire Marshal's Office at
480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 7
Machine Shop Safety
Material Handling And Storage
Storage of material shall not create a hazard.
Bags, containers, bundles, etc., stored in tiers
shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked and
limited in height so that they are stable and
secure against sliding or collapse. Storage
areas shall be kept free from accumulation of
materials that constitute hazards from tripping,
fire, explosion, or pest harborage.
X
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Section 7
Machine Shop Safety
Material Handling And Storage Forklifts , Cranes
and Slings
Formal Training Is Required Where Forklifts ,
Cranes and Slings Are Used!
Contact ASU EHS at 480-965-1823 for Training
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• Machines designed
• for a fixed location
• shall be securely
• anchored to
• prevent walking
• or moving.

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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
but its old and it came this way!...
It Still Must Be Guarded!
Internal Belts
Internal Belts
Examples Of Effective Shop Made Belt Guards
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• ANY machine part, function, or process
• which may cause injury must be safeguarded.
• WHERE the operation of a machine or
• accidental contact with it can injure
• the operator or others in
• the vicinity, the hazard
• must be either controlled
• or eliminated.

So, one of the first things to do in determining
machine guarding is to identify the different
hazards associated with various types of
machines and equipment
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WHERE MECHANICAL HAZARDS OCCUR
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• POINT OF OPERATION
• is that point where the work is performed.
• ALL PARTS OF THE MACHINE WHICH MOVE, SUCH AS
• flywheels, pulleys, belts, couplings, chains,
  cranks, gears, etc.
• feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the
  machine.
• IN-RUNNING NIP POINTS

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machinery and Machine Guarding
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8

• PREVENT CONTACT - prevent any part of the
  workers body (i.e., long hair, beard), clothing
  or jewelry from contacting hazardous moving
  parts.
• SECURE - firmly secured to machine and not easily
  removed.
• PROTECT FROM FALLING OBJECTS - ensure that no
  objects can fall into moving parts.

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• CREATE NO NEW HAZARDS - must not have shear
  points, jagged edges or unfinished surfaces.
• CREATE NO INTERFERENCE - must not prevent worker
  from performing the job quickly and comfortably.
• ALLOW SAFE LUBRICATION - if possible,
• be able to lubricate the machine
• without removing the
• safeguards.

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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METHODS OF MACHINE SAFEGUARDING
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8

• GUARDS
• Fixed
• Interlocked
• Adjustable
• Self-adjusting

• DEVICES
• Presence sensing
• Pullback
• Restraint
• Safety controls (tripwire cable, two-hand
  control, etc.)
• Gates

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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HOLDING TOOLS - examples
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• USED to place and remove stock in the danger
  area.
• NOT to be used instead of other machine
  safeguards,
• but as a supplement.

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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FIXED GUARDS - examples
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Auto Drill Press
Belt And Pulleys
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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ADJUSTABLE GUARD
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to
facilitate a variety of production operations.
Guide Adjustment
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SELF-ADJUSTING GUARD
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Provides a barrier which moves according to the
size of the stock entering the danger area.
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Woodworking routers are wonderful tools and are
safe when properly guarded and used as shown
above!
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
Wood Lathe
Metal Lathe
Be Sure To Securely Anchor The Lathes !
Lathes are also wonderful tools. Make sure anyone
who uses these tools are properly trained in the
safe operation and maintenance such as, but not
limited to, stock guards!
and remember lathe areas always need constant
housekeeping!
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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LOCATION/DISTANCE
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding

• Locate the machine, or its dangerous moving
  parts,
• so that it is not accessible
• or does not present a hazard
• to a worker during normal operation.
• Maintain a safe distance
• from the danger area.

Department of Environmental Health Safety
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ABRASIVE WHEEL MACHINERY
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
TOOL RESTS must be kept with a maximum opening
of 1/8-inch to prevent the work from being
jammed between the wheel and the rest which
may result in wheel breakage.
1/8
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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ABRASIVE WHEEL MACHINERY
Machine Shop Safety
Section 8
Machinery and Machine Guarding
The distance between the wheel periphery and
the adjustable tongue must never exceed
1/4-inch.
1/4
Psnever use a wheel that has a damaged or
uneven surface!
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 9
Hand And Power Tools
All hand and power tools shall be provided and
used in a safe manner in accordance with the
manufacturer's specifications. All users shall
be trained in the proper use and care of all
power tools used.
X
and always wear the appropriate PPE!
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 9
Hand And Power Tools
Compressed Air Used For Cleaning Compressed air
shall not be used for cleaning purposes except
where reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. and then
only with effective chip guarding and personal
protective equipment.
X
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 10
Welding, Cutting and Brazing
Before cutting or welding is permitted, the area
shall be inspected by the individual responsible
for authorizing cutting and welding operations
and shall designate precautions to be followed
in granting authorization to proceed in the form
of a written permit.
Contact The ASU Fire Marshals Office For
Information and Guidance at 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 11
Electrical

• Electric equipment such as (but not limited to)
• Powered Hand Tools
• Flexible Cords
• Pedestal Equipment
• Bench Equipment
• shall be free from recognized hazards that are
  likely to cause death or serious physical harm to
  employees.

NOT GOOD!
WHERE REQUIRED ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SHALL BE
EFFECTIVELY GROUNDED!
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 11
Electrical

• Flexible cords and cables shall not be used
• As a substitute for the fixed wiring of a
  structure
• Where run through holes in walls, ceilings, or
  floors
• Where run through doorways, windows, or similar
  openings
• Where attached to building surfaces
• Where concealed behind building walls, ceilings,
  or floors.

X
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 11
Electrical
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) shall be
provided at locations where the potential for wet
operations are performed/exist.
G F C I
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 11
Electrical
The width of working space in front of the
electric equipment shall be the width of the
equipment or 762 mm (30 in.), whichever is
greater.
and
X
Circuit breakers shall clearly indicate whether
they are in the open (off) or closed (on)
position.
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Machine Shop Safety
Section 12
Toxic and Hazardous Substances
Workshops shall maintain Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS) for all chemicals in their
possession. Storage and use of all chemicals
shall meet the requirements of
regulatory agencies and the manufacturer. All
response to spills/exposures shall be in
compliance with requirements provided in the
MSDS and ASUs policies and procedures.
Contact ASU EHS For Guidance and Information at
480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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Machine Shop Safety
Thank You For Your Participation! Click One More
Time For Your Free Basic Machine Shop Safety
Rules Poster! and good luck with the quiz
Department of Environmental Health Safety
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BASIC MACHINE SHOP SAFETY RULES
Always wear personal protective equipment
(PPE). Secure long hair, loose clothing and
jewelry. Use only electrically safe cords and
equipment. Know the tools/equipment you
operate! Maintain good housekeeping. Ensure
effective machine guarding.
For More Information and Guidance Please Call ASU
EHS at 480-965-1823
Department of Environmental Health And Safety