??????? ~ ???? ISTANBUL

1

?????? ????? ?????? ???????

??????? ???? ISTANBUL
??? ??/?? ??MAHMUD-ASHKABAD
2

???????
?????
???
???????
???
?????
??????????
4??????,?????????,????,??????.
????????????????????,??????????????,????????,????,
??????????
3
??????????,???????????????,???????.
4

?????????????????
???
5
????????,????????????,???????.
?????
6

?????
????????,???????????.
7

?????? ???
????????198?????,?????????.????????????????????.
?????????????????(Oelisk of Theodosius)?
????????????.
8

????????????
??378???????????,??????,?26?,?1000?,????????????,?
???????????????.
9

????????? ?????? Aya sofya
14???????????,?????????????????.
10

????????????, ??????,??6???, ????????.
11

?????????????,??????????????,???????????,?????????
?????????,?????????.
12

????????????