18th century art

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18th century art
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• 1750 ushers in Industrialism
• Enlightenment
• Optimism that society could be reformed
• Philosophes believed man born to serve himself,
  not God or the aristocracy state was to help
  this
• Rococo (playful)
• Neoclassicism(balanced and rational)
• Romanticism(emotion and remote)

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Rococo

• Pastel colors
• Dainty and light hearted
• Arabesque, s shapes, c shapes, reverse c and
  volutes
• Silver and gold against white
• Boiseriessculpted wood panels

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Neumann Kaisersaal (Germany)
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Tiepolo Marriage of Emperor Frederick and
Beatrice of Burgundy
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French painting

• Fete galante elegant outdoor entertainment

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Fragonard The Swing
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Watteau Pilgrimmage to Cythera
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Departure to Cythera
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Signboard of Gersaint
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• Straw vanity
• Momento mori
• Passage of time
• Woman stares in mirror as reminder of lifes
  fraility as was Watteaus

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Boucher

• Hired to paint Watteaus works
• Madame du Pompadour was his patron
• Worked to decorate Versailles and Fountainbleau
• First painter to King Louis XV

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Diana Resting after her Bath
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Vulcan presenting arms to Venus
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Chardin
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Decorative Arts

• Chinoseries
• Creates scene in a country he never visited

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Clodian the Invention of the Balloon
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Italian art

• Grand Tour
• Demand for vedute (city views)
• Capriccio-fanciful or naturalistic
• Canaletto became famous

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Piranesi
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Enlightenment

• Voltaire was believer in science as the salvation
  of mankind
• Rousseau believed that society had corrupted man
  so he rejected progress
• Rousseau rejected Rococo and turned to the
  natural

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NEOCLASSICISM

• Albani villa
• Johan Winckelmann was the first to analyze art as
  a series of period styles

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Mengs Parnassas, ceiling fresco, Albani villa,
Rome, 1761
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Canova Pauline Borghese, marble, 1808, Galleria
Borghese
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British NeoclassicismChiswick House
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Wedgewood Apotheosis of Homer, white jasper,
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Hackwood Am I Not a Man and a Brother?, black
and white jasperward, 1787
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Gothic Revival Strawberry Hill, Horace Walpole
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Joseph Wright

• Specialized in drama of candlelit or moonlit
  scenes
• Technological modelorrery used to demonstrate
  the universe working as a clock
• Light to represent the sun
• Children awed
• Listener takes notes

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Joseph Wright Lecture at the Orrery
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Experiment on an Air Pump
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Le Brun

• High class portraits
• Rescinded from acad.

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Gainsborough

• Intent to match subject with landscape
• Deep interest in landscape

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Joshua Reynolds Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing
to the Graces, oil on canvas, 710 X 5
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Hogarth

• Satirized contemporary life with comic zest
• Poked fun at the artists of the continent
• Liked to paint in series to tell a story
• Marriage a la Mode satirized the immoralities
  within marriage of the moneyed class
• Hands in moneyless pockets
• Dog sniffs at cap in his pocket

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• Religious paintings with one covered
• Steward with hands up at unpaid bills

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Hogarth Marriage a la Mode, oil on canvas, 27X
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Marriage a la Mode
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Marriage a la Mode
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Enraged Musician
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Gin Lane
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Greuze The Village Bride
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History Painiting

• Highest form of painting
• Angelica Kauffmann inspired artists to paint
  classical history

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Angelica Kauffmann
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Benjamin West

• Morality includes honor and loyalty
• Risen from humble origin the military hero was
  more important than aristocrat

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Death of General Wolfe
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• Modern hero dies among officers in the field
• Died a martyr

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Copley
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British Romantic PaintingFuseli The Nightmare
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William Blake Newton, ink and watercolor, 18 X
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Neoclassicism

• Grand Tour made Rome a pilgrimmage site
• New excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum
• Geometric harmony
• Liberty, virtue and morality in a time of turmoil

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David Oath of the Horatii, oil on canvas,
108X14, 1784-1785
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David The Death of Marat, oil on canvas,
55X42,
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Labille-Guiard Self portrait with two pupils,
oil on canvas, 1785
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Houdon George Washington,marble, 62, State
Capitol , Richmond
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Goya The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters,
etching and aquatint, 8X6
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Goya Family of Charles IV
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Goya Third of May
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Thomas Jefferson Monticello
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Paris Pantheon