Giardia Duodenalis

1
Giardia Duodenalis

• Ashley Tharayil

2
Domain-- Eukarya

• Single or multi cellular organisms
• Have nuclei and sub divisions inside cell

3
Kingdom--Protista

• Most are one cell

4
Phylum--Protozoa

• Chiefly motile
• heterotrophic

5
Class--Sacromastigophora

• mastigo whip or flagella
• phor carry or bear

6
Order--Diplomonadida

• Di Diplo two
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Two nuclei

7
Family--Hexamitidae

• Hexa six
• Have six or eight flagella

8
Giardia duodenalis Domain--EukaryaKingd
om- ProtistaPhylum- ProtozoaClass
Sarcomastigophora Order Diplomonadida Family
HexamitidaeGenus Giardia Species duodenale
9
Introduction

• Commonly transmitted through impure water sources
  
• Gives rise to serious diarrhea? Giardiosis
• Also, called back packers diarrhea and beaver
  fever

10
Hosts

• Early experiments suggested narrow host range
• Then in 1970, cross transmission between Russian
  workers and dogs..
• Now,known to naturally infecthumans, cats, dogs,
  beaver, coyote and cattle and can experimentally
  infect a number of species of rodents and other
  mammals.

11
Morphology

• I. General description
• Two nuclei
• Flagellated protozoa
• II. Adult parasite Trophozoite
• feeding stage
• measures about 18 um long X 5 -10 um wide. It
  has6- 8 flagella and the ventral side is modified
  as a sucking disk

12
Morphology.. contin

• III. Cyst Stage? Inactive stage
• The cysts average about 13 µm in length, are
  oval, and also contain two nuclei like the
  trophozoites.
•  

13
(No Transcript)
14
Life Cycle

1. Cysts released through feces
2. Infection occurs by the ingestion of cysts in
   contaminated water, food, or by the fecal-oral
   route
3. In the small intestine, excystation releases
   trophozoites (each cyst produces two
   trophozoites)
4. Trophozoites multiply by binary fission
5. Encystation occurs as the parasites transit
   toward the colon. 
6. Cysts released through feces

15
(No Transcript)
16
Where is it found?

• Anywhere with poor water sanitation
• All over the world.. Particularly in regions w/
  warm climates
• Estimate 7 of North America is infested
• The most common flagellate of the human digestive
  tract.
• Most common waterborne illness in United States 
  (100,000 to 1 million infections annually)
•  

17
Aspen spring, Colorado

• Old sewer pipes leaked sewage into a well serving
  one part of the town.
• At least 25 people suffered from Giardiosis.

18
Symptoms.. Onset.. etc

• Onset delayed 5-25 days after exposure
• Diarrhea illness persists 1-3 weeks
• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Belching
• Weight loss
• Sometimes infections dont show any symptoms

19
Diagnosis

• Observing symptoms
• Finding motile trophozoites in a fresh fecal
  smear
• Finding cysts in feces by concentration technique

20
Drugs

• Quinacrine recommended by CDC, but bad for kids
  
• Metronidazole most popular worldwide, but
  mildly carcinogenic.
• Furazolidone more child-friendly drug

21
Epidemiology and Control

• Personal health
• Treatment of drinking water to remove/kill cysts
• Avoid contaminated water
• Sanitary procedures to avoid contact w/ cysts
• Surveillance and treatment of companion animals
  in household

22
Epidemiology and Control

• Public Health
• Sewage treatment
• Adequate treating of drinking water
• Surveillance and treatment of food handlers

23
The End..

• Marquardt, William, Richard Demaree, and Robert
  Grieve. Parasitology Vector Biology. 2nd ed. San
  Diego, California ACADEMIC PRESS, 2000.
• Garcia, Lynne. Diagnostic Medical Parasitiology .
  4th. Washington D.C. ASM, 2001.

24

• "Giardiasis." CDC. September 17, 2004
  lthttp//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/giardiasi
  s/factsht_giardia.htmgt.
• Giardiasis. Iowa State University center of
  Veteniary medicine. May 1,2005 lthttp//www.cfsph.i
  astate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/giardiasis.pdfgt
• http//64.233.187.104/search?qcache-9if_PJimqAJ
  www.idready.org/webcast/spr05_materials/zoonotic_i
  nfections/2005-02-22/Parasites_Mycotics_Dunne.ppt
  Duodenalis,Giardiapowerpointhlenglusctclnk
  cd5