Medical Laboratory Science

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Medical Laboratory Science

• Laboratory Medicine
• Pathology
• A presentation by
• Mr Marco Di Girolamo
• Australian Institute of Medical Scientists
• www.aims.org.au

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What does a Laboratory worker do?

• Collect blood and other samples
• Prepare samples for analysis
• Analyse samples
• Report results

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Types of Samples which laboratories receive

• Blood
• Urine
• Faeces
• Cerebro Spinal Fluid
• Swabs
• Other fluids
• Bits of body

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Types of Laboratories at the WCH

• Core Laboratory
• Blood Bank - Transfusion
• Microbiology
• Cytogenetics
• Histopathology
• Lots of research laboratories

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Transfusion/ Blood bank

• Test Blood Groups
• Make sure compatible blood is given to patients
• Prepare other blood products when they are
  required

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Microbiology

• Grow microbes from a variety of samples
• swabs
• blood
• skin scrapings
• fluid
• urine
• faeces
• other fluids

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Cytogenetics

• Test for chromosomal abnormalitiessuch as Down
  syndrome.
• 1. Allow the cells to divide, then break open the
  nucleus, and spread out the chromosomes, to see
  if they look normal.2. Make a particular part of
  chromosome glow in the dark so that it can be
  seen more easily

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Histpathology

• Test bits of body, which have been sent to us,
  for cancer, inflammation, infection.
• Post-mortems, autopsies.

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Core Laboratory

• Haematology -analysing blood for infection and
  disease -check for anaemia (low haemoglobin)

• Biochemistry -analysing blood to test different
  organs in the body. Such as liver,
  kidneys, muscles, heart.

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Haematology
Normal Blood
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There are different types of white cells, each
with a different job.

• NeutrophilsFight bacteria by releasing toxic
  substances
• LymphocytesFight viruses by creating antibodies
  which stick to viruses and cause them to be eaten
  by Monocytes.

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• What happens when you get an infection?
• White cells become active and increase in number
  - they are made in the bone marrow, inside your
  bones.

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Some diseases where we can see changes in the
Blood
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Blood Poisoning (Septicemia)
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Leukaemia
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Malaria
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Tuberculosis (Lung tissue)
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The End
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Medical (Laboratory) Scientist

• Pathologist
• Medical Scientist
• Laboratory Technician
• Laboratory Assistant

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What does a typicalMedical Scientist do?

• Collect blood and other samples
• Prepare samples for analysis
• Analyse samples
• Report results
• Talk to Doctors and Nurses about results

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What does a typicalResearch Laboratory Scientist
do?

• Set up research experiments
• Report results of research
• Become an expert in his/her field of research

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Where do Medical Scientists work?

• Large Hospitals (such as Womens and Childrens
  Hospital)
• Private laboratories
• Dedicated research laboratories

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What personal attributes do you need to have to
become a Medical Scientist?
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• An interest in helping others.
• An interest in science
• Be able to communicate well
• Be able to use a computer
• Must must want to learn all the time

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What should you study if you want to become a
Medical Scientist?
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• In High School Maths, English, Science
  (Chemistry, Physics, Biology).
• TAFEMedical Technicians Diploma
• At University Degree in Medical Science
  (Pathology) -Bachelors -Masters

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The End
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What happens when you cut yourself?

• It Hurts

• Your body realises that it has been injured and
  starts to move white cells and platelets to
  the wound site.

• White cells prepare for invasion of foreign
  bodies, platelets stick to anything in the area,
  so that blood clots, which stops the bleeding.

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Clot formation
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