Unit I: Lesson 1

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• Unit I Lesson 1
• Geography
• Pre-history
• History
• Revolution
• Civilization

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• Identify 10 details you see in this scene.
• How would you describe the scene?
• Who are the people involved?
• What do you hear, smell, taste and feel in this
  scene?
• What action do you see in this scene?

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GEOGRAPHY IS

• the study of
• people, their
• environment, and the
• resources available to them.

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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
Place
Movement
Region
THE HUMAN
STORY
Human- Environment Interaction
Location
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HISTORY IS

• humanitys past based on written records
  (evidence)
• recorded time beginning about
• 5,000 yrs. ago
• found in letters, tax records, diaries, film,
  photographs, and on the
• internet

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• History is based on three factors, each one
  affecting the other
• two (ESP)

• E

conomics

• Society

• P

olitics
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TRAITS OF PRE-HISTORIC PALEOLITHIC (OLD STONE)
AGE

• nomadic
• used a spoken language
• wore clothing
• were technical (could make use tools)

• caves / over-hangs as shelters
• built fires for
• light,
• warmth,
• protection,
• cooking
• belief in an afterlife

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THE NEOLITHIC (NEW STONE) AGE INTRODUCED AN
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• People B/4
• hunted
• gathered
• nomadic
• push factors

• People after
• learned to farm
• produced own food
• settled in villages
• domesticated animals
• pull factors

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BASIC FEATURES OF CIVILIZATIONS

• Farmers cultivated lands along river valleys,
  producing surplus food gt
• Surpluses caused populations to expand gt

• As populations grew, villages swelled into
• cities.

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EFFECTS OF THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

• Changed the way humans lived

• Use of agriculture allowed humans to develop
  permanent settlements, social classes, new
  technologies
• Some of these early groups settled in the
  fertile valleys of
• the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Yellow, and Indus
  Rivers
• This resulted in the rise of great
  civilizations in
• Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India
• In the Americas, groups of Asian hunters
  crossed a land-bridge
  connecting Asia and
• Alaska along what is now known as the
  
• Bering Strait. By spreading southwards, they
  settled
  along lakes and rivers where they
  experienced their
  own
• Neolithic Revolution in which they learned to
  grow maize.

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A CIVILIZATION

• is a complex, highly organized, social order
  with the following 5 traits

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1). cities (centers of trade for a larger area)
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2). advanced technology
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3). specialized (specifically trained)
workers
4). form of writing
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5). Complex institutions
White House
Congress
a. form of government
b. organized religion
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HOW DO CIVILIZATIONS SPREAD AND CHANGE?

• Ancient rulers often gained enough
• power to conquer territories beyond their cities
• these rulers, therefore, created
• city-states and
• even more powerful rulers often created
• empires
• Civilizations can also change when the natural
  environment changes.
• Interaction among people also causes
  environments to change.

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CULTURAL DIFFUSION IS

• the spread of ideas,
• customs, technologies from one people to
  another through migration, trade,
• warfare.

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INDIVIDUAL YEARS OF DATING HISTORY

• B.C. b/4 the birth of
• Christ or B.C.E.
• (b/4 the Common Era)
• A.D.
• Anno Domini (since the birth of Christ) or C.
  E.
• (since the Common Era)

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AGES OR ERAS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION

• Ancient Times 4000 B.C. A.D. 500 (until the
  fall of the Roman Empire)
• Medieval Times (the Middle Ages) A.D. 500
  (from the fall of Rome) A.D. 1400 (until the
  Italian Renaissance)

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• Modern Times A.D. 1400 (when Italian
  Renaissance began)
• to the present

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Oink or Cackle?
LETS REVIEW WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR!
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The five themes of geography are
human-environment interaction, location, place,
movement, and ___
region
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Geography is the study of people, their ___, and
the resources made available to them.
environment
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When people changed from hunting and gathering
their food to settling in villages and learning
to farm their own crops and raise their own
animals, this change became known as the ___ ___.
Neolithic Revolution
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Humanitys past based on written records is
called ___.
history
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A complex, highly organized social order is
called ____.
civilization
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The three factors that always relate to and
affect one another are economics, society, and
___.
politics
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The spreading of ideas, customs, and technologies
from one people to another through migration,
trade, or war is called ___ ___.
cultural diffusion
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How did Asian groups during the Stone Age arrive
in the Americas?
They crossed a land bridge that is now known as
the Bering Strait.
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The five characteristics or traits that
constitute any civilization are specialized
workers, advanced technology, form of writing,
complex institutions (government religion), and
___.
centers of trade (cities)
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Which era of Western Civilization ended with the
fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476?
Ancient Times
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Which era of Western Civilization began with the
fall of the Roman Empire?
Medieval Times (Middle Ages)
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Which era of Western Civilization began with the
Italian Renaissance?
Modern Times (present times)
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This economic system is the one practiced in the
United States.
capitalism
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People in ancient civilizations practiced this
when they moved from their farming communities to
centers of trade to work as skilled artisans and
merchants
urbanization
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• TERMS
• Latin term for A. D. meaning in the year of our
  Lord or since the birth of Christ
• Anno Domini
• a state that controls other lands and peoples
• empire
• kind of government headed by religious leaders
• theocracy
• dictatorial government controlling all aspects of
  life
• totalitarian
• a small, usually wealthy, group that holds
  political power
• oligarchy
• ruler with unlimited power
• autocrat