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Peppermint Oil (Mentha Piperita)

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Postoperative nausea. Headache. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dyspepsia. Other Studies. Cosmetic Use ... Postoperative Nausea. Study in UK. Hypothesis: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Peppermint Oil (Mentha Piperita)


1
Peppermint Oil (Mentha Piperita)
  • Abeer Khattab-History
  • Jennifer Hadra-Chemistry
  • Amanda Trudeau-Research History

2
Peppermint Mentha piperita
  • Family Name Labiatae
  • Other Name Mentha
  • It is an aromatic herbaceous plant of the mint
    family
  • Distribution Originated in Europe and early
    English colonists brought it to North America
  • It is also grown in England, Russia, and other
    European countries, where it become a very common
    plant.

3
Description of Peppermint Plant
  • Leaf Opposite, stems are square in across
    section, oval looking smooth and sharply pointed,
    evenly toothed, dark green, slightly rough
    underneath .
  • Flower Small and pale purple, born on leafless
    terminal spikes in loose disconnected whorls.
  • Fruit and Bark None .
  • Form Grows 1- 3 feet, plant grows best in dark,
    moist soil, related to spearmint.

4
Essential Oils of Peppermint
  • It is the source of essential oils which are
    monoterpene, mainly synthesized in leaves, the
    first step in plastids by (4S)- Limonene synthase
    enzyme, but the succeeding steps occur outside
    the leucoplasts of oil gland cells.
  • The principal constituent of peppermint oil is
    Menthol (C10 H19 OH) which is white crystalline
    substance, has the peppermint odor and produces a
    sensation of cold in the mouth ---why?

5
Essential Oils of Peppermint
  • Dr. David Juliuss lab at the University of
    California, San Francisco, discovered that
    menthol activates cold receptors in our tissues
    called CMR1 receptors.
  • They have the same structure and way of working
    like VR1 receptors for sensation of cold and heat
    (menthol and capsaicin).

6
History of Peppermint Use
  • Peppermint was cultivated by the ancient
    Egyptians and used by the Greek and Roman cooks
    as a flavoring for wines and sauces.
  • Some Asian countries have cultivated mint since
    ancient times.
  • It has been used in Europe and western medicine
    for a variety of ailments including toothaches,
    morning sickness and cramping.
  • It was brought to the U.S.A. early in the 19th
    century.

7
History of Peppermint Use (Contd.)
  • These plants were the foundation of what are
    today the largest peppermint centers in the world
    like the northeastern united states.
  • Now practically the Midwestern states of
    Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin, all
    decreasing production.
  • The far western states of Oregon, and Washington
    are now the major of American peppermint oil.
  • Peppermint oil is used as a flavoring agent in
    pharmaceuticals, elixirs, food, and beverages
    especially chewing gum and candy, there is some
    use as a fragrance.

8
Cezanne, Paul
  • Still life with Peppermint bottle
  • 1890 94, Oil on canvas, national Gallery of Art
    Washington, D . C.
  • One of the most original of Cezannes still life

9
Products and Uses of Peppermint
  • Used in Middle eastern salad called tabbouleh
    combined with parsley giving it the delicious
    taste due to its delightful flavor.
  • Leaves of Peppermint used for flavoring tea added
    directly green or dried produced as packages
    called Peppermint tea which could be used
    separately as a hot drink like tea, Native

10
Products and Uses of Peppermint
  • Peppermint oil is most popular for flavoring
    candy, to give medicines, mouthwashes, and
    toothpaste a good taste, also used newly as lip
    balm recipe, it is the first aid for toothache
    being antiseptic and possessing a local
    anesthetic effect

11
Products and Uses of Peppermint
  • Peppermint oil is also a soothing remedy for
    colds and flu.
  • Fresh crushed leaves can be applied locally to

    relieve pain, in paths
    it can be used to relieve rheumatic and muscle
    pains.
  • It is well known for its digestive properties,
    used to relieve indigestion, wind, colic, nausea,
    diarrhea,and Crohns disease, stomach ulcers and
    ulcerative colitis.

12
Major Compound Menthol
Compounds from the peppermint plant are extracted
from the leaves. Peppermint has a wide variety
of uses. Some of those include   Flavorings
water, toothpaste, teas etc. Common
cold Candies Bronchitis Aromatherapy Sinus
Antacid/Anti-nausea tablets Fever Genetic
Engineering Vomiting  
13
Peppermint Plant
14
Menthol
15
Medical Uses/Dosage/Side Effects
Common cold Antispasmodic agent Bronchitis Incre
ase Esophageal Acid Clearance Sinus Fever Vomiting
16
At this time dosage amounts are unclear. Several
studies were reviewed and concluded that there
were no reported side effects or tissue damage
with the use of peppermint
17
Mode of Action
  • In hospital studies where peppermint oil was used
    as an antispasmatic is believed to act on
    beta-adrenergic receptors and uses a G-coupled
    protein pathway.
  • (This is currently a hypothesis, no formal study
    has actually concluded in the exact pathway of
    peppermint as an antispasmatic.)

18
Mode of Action
  • Other studies that used peppermint as an antacid
    concluded that using peppermint in the form of an
    oral lozenge increased swallowing rate, which in
    turn increased esophageal acid clearance.

19
Research History
  • Treatment for
  • Postoperative nausea
  • Headache
  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Dyspepsia

20
Other Studies
  • Cosmetic Use
  • Use with other substances
  • Caraway oil
  • Eucalyptus oil

21
Postoperative Nausea
  • Study in UK
  • Hypothesis
  • Inhalation of peppermint oil will affect
    incidence and severity of gynecological surgical
    patients
  • Outcome Incidence of Nausea
  • Control Group-100
  • Placebo Group-100
  • Experimental Group-67

22
Headache
  • Germany
  • Double Blind Study
  • 32 healthy subjects
  • Combinations of
  • Peppermint oil Eucalyptus Oil
  • Significant reduction of EMG surface activity of
    temporal muscle

23
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • United States (2000)
  • Women 14-24
  • Men 5-19
  • 3x more likely to miss work

24
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  • Randomized Clinical Trials
  • Studies Showed Improvement in
  • Abdominal pain
  • Stool frequency
  • Flatulence

25
Dyspepsia
  • Dyspepsia, which means "bad" (dys) "digestion"
    (pepsia)
  • Term used by doctors to describe a set of
    symptoms which are believed to have their cause
    somewhere in the upper part of the
    gastro-intestinal tract 

26
Dyspepsia
  • Pain intensity reduced 40
  • Pressure reduced 43
  • Placebo Reduction in both 22

27
Cosmetics
  • Peppermint oil in 102 products
  • Bath oils
  • Hair conditioners
  • Lipstick
  • Makeup Base
  • Shaving Cream
  • Soaps
  • Nail Creams

28
Cosmetics
  • Mostly performed on rats, mice, bacteria, and
    dogs
  • Oral Toxicity
  • Immunotoxicity
  • Dermal Irritation
  • Reproductive Toxicity
  • Carcinogenicity

29
Safety
  • No significant side effects
  • Safe to use in products
  • Pulegone-component found in peppermint oil may be
    an irritant
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