Major External Parts of Livestock and Poultry

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Major External Parts of Livestock and Poultry

• ANATOMY

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Anatomy

• Science of body structure or parts of a living
  thing
• Greek meaning to cut up

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Zootomy

• Study of the structure of animals.

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• The oldest anatomical drawing-- Egyptian
  papyrus written 16 centuries ago
• Shows that the heart, vessels, liver, spleen,
  kidneys and bladder were recognized, and that the
  blood-vessels were known to come from the heart.

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Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.), 1st noted to study
animal carcasses to compare them to human bodies
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300 B.C Herophilus Erasistratus performed
first human dissection
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1752Englands Murder Act passed
the medical dissection of all executed murderers.

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1832Anatomy Act allowed use of unclaimed bodies
for dissection, particularly those who died in
prison or the workhouse
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Since King Henry V111 (1509)

• Murderers, prisoners, prostitutes, people unable
  to pay for their burials, those that committed
  suicide were approved for human anatomy studies

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17-19th centuryBody snatching!!!

• Not enough corpses for medical students so many
  times freshly dug graves were excavated for
  medical research.
• Illegal, a misdemeanor, fine and jail time if
  caught.

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Dissection is the process of disassembling
something to determine its internal structure
as an aid to determining the function
relationships of its components.
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Vivisection refers to the dissection of living
animals
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Dissection is often performed as a part of
determining a cause of death in autopsy (on
humans) and necropsy (on animals) and is an
intrinsic part of forensic medicine, such as
would be practiced by a coroner.
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Systems
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Skeletal System

• Its purpose is to protect organs, give shape

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Axial Skeleton

• Vertebra, ribs, sternum, skull
• 80 bones in the head and trunk of the human body
• The purpose of the axial skeleton is to protect
  the body's most vital organs.

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Pectoral Skeleton

• Front limbs, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna,
  phalanges, metacarpals, carpals

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scapula
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iguana - pectoral
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Pelvic Skeleton

• Rear legs, tibia, fibula, femur, tarsals,
  metatarsals, phalanges, hocks,

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Muscles

• Body tissue which contracts to produce movement
  or force.
• primarily functions as a source of power
• 3 main types of muscle
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Skeletal

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Circulatory System

• Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries (small blood
  vessels),lymph glands (which contain large
  numbers of white blood cells
• Moves blood through the vessels of the body via
  the pumping action of the heart
• Supplies tissues with nourishment
• Collects waste from tissues

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Anatomical Planes of the Body

• Medical professionals often refer to sections of
  the body in terms of anatomical planes (flat
  surfaces).
• These planes are imaginary lines vertical or
  horizontal drawn through an upright body. The
  terms are used to describe a specific body part
  (area).

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Anatomical Planes of the Body
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Cranial, Rostal

• Closer to the head

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Ventral

• Referring to the belly

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Proximal

• Referring to the limbs

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Caudal

• Referring to the lower part of the body or tail

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Lateral

• Referring to the side

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Dorsal

• Referring to the back of the body