Chlorine Disinfection of Drinking Water

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Chlorine Disinfection of Drinking Water

• California Unified Program 8th Annual Training
  Conference
• February 8, 2006
• Presented by Paul G. Beswick
• Metropolitan Water District of Southern
  California
• Environmental Support Services
• [phone] pbeswick_at_mwdh2o.com

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The Chlorine Disinfection Process

• Public Health benefits of chlorination
• Process flow
• Process components

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Chlorination Public Health Benefit

• A critical role protecting US drinking water
  supply from waterborne infectious diseases for
  over 90 years
• Cholera, typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis A
  virtually eliminated
• In over 98 of disinfection systems
• Germicidal potency, residual disinfection
  properties, efficiency, economy

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Chlorination Public Health Benefit
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All Uses of Chlorine
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The Chlorination Process
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Chlorine Rail Car Unloading

• 90 Ton rail cars

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Chlorine Trailer Unloading

• 17/19 Ton Trailers

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Stationary Chlorine Tank

• 25 ton stationary tank

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Chlorine Cylinder Storage

• 1 ton cylinders

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Chlorine Evaporators
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Chlorinators
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Ejectors
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Treatment Chemical Storage
Chemical Qty Capacity
Chlorine 3 90 ton rail cars
Caustic (25) 8 127,000/ 50,000 gal.
Aqueous Ammonia (19) 4 13,000/10,000 gal.
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Chlorine System Safety - What we are doing

• 24 hour monitoring and access control
• Detailed operating procedures
• Highly trained staff
• Leak sensors and alarms
• Automatic supply shut-off valves
• Chlorine containment and neutralization
• On-site emergency response capability strong
  relationship with fire dept responders

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Control Room

• Operator on duty 24 hours a day.
• Chlorine alarms are received in the Control Room.
• Chlorine facilities are visually inspected twice
  a shift.

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Chlorine Trailer Manway

• Remote emergency shut-off capability
• Highly sensitive chlorine gas detector

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Multiple Emergency Shut-off Locations

• Controlled from several strategic locations
• Shut-off is immediate

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Monel Flex Hose Connection

• Durable/flexible connection
• Inspected/replaced regularly

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Chlorine Gas Monitoring

• Continuous monitoring, alarms locally and in
  Control Room
• Sensors strategically placed throughout plant
• Calibrated regularly

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Chlorine leak alarms

• Audio/Visual chlorine gas leak alarms -
  immediate notification to all plant personnel.

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Vacuum Operation

• Chlorine piped to points of use throughout plant
  under vacuum
• Safest method of transmission

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New chlorine containment facilities
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Chlorine Cargo Trailers Inside Containment
Chlorine Storage Bay
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Caustic Neutralization System
Two 3.5-Ton Chlorine Scrubbers
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Chlorine Rail Car Containment
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Chlorine Rail Car Containment
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Chlorine Rail Car Scrubbers
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Good Relations With Fire Dept. Responders
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LAFD Visits Jensen Plant
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LAFD Visits Jensen Plant
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Where Is The Real Chlorine Release Threat?!
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Rural Bexar County, Texas June 28, 20043 dead,
50 hospitalized
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Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059
killed, 554 hospitalized, 5,400 evacuated
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Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059
killed, 554 hospitalized, 5,400 evacuated
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Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059
killed, 554 hospitalized, 5,400 evacuated
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Graniteville, South CarolinaJanuary 6, 20059
killed, 554 hospitalized, 5,400 evacuated
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Where Is The Real Chlorine Release Threat?!

• Two train wrecks in 6 months
• resulted in significant chlorine releases
• 12 dead
• over 600 taken to hospital
• over 5,000 evacuated.

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Chlorine Rail Transportation Issues

• Rail freight cost cutting, lack of re-investment,
  explosive growth, stretched resources
• Security
• In transit
• Storage while in transit
• Identifying hazmat derailment
• Warning local first responders
• Mobilizing specialist response team