L02: Driving and Resisting Forces

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L02 Driving and Resisting Forces

• Geography 2106 Geomorphology
• Department of Geography Geology
• Nipissing University
• 2008

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Review Intro to Geomorphology

• What is Geomorphology?
• Development of Geomorphology
• Process Geomorphology
• Systems Approach

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Introduction

• Driving and Resisting Forces
• (PST framework)
• i) Geomorphology Processes
• (i.e. weathering, erosional, depositional)
• ii) Earth Materials
• (i.e. type structure)
• iii) Time

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Introduction

• Main Energy Sources
• i) Solar Radiation (Exogenic)
• ii) Geothermal Heat (Endogenic)
• iii) Gravity (Endogenic/Exogenic)
• Geomorphic Equilibrium
• (Endogenic vs. Exogenic Forces)

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Endogenic Processes

• Types
• a) Orogenic Processes
• (tectonic and volcanic processes)
• b) Epeirogenic/Isostatic Processes

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Endogenic Processes

• Tectonic Activity
• i) Horizontal Movement
• (e.g. continental drift see fig. 2.3)

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Endogenic Processes

• Tectonic Activity
• ii) Tilting, Folding, and Faulting
• (see plates 2.6 2.7)

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Endogenic Processes

• Tectonic Activity
• iii) Compressional Uplift
• (see figs. 2.4, 3.2, 3.7)

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Endogenic Processes

• Volcanic Activity
• i) Mineral Composition
• ii) Volume of Gas
• (see fig. 3.3)

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Endogenic Processes

• Volcanic Landforms
• i) Plateaus
• (e.g. Columbia River Deccan Plateaux)

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Endogenic Processes

• Volcanic Landforms
• ii) Shield Cones
• (e.g. Hawaiian Islands)

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Endogenic Processes

• Volcanic Landforms
• iii) Composite Cones
• (e.g. Mt. St. Helens)

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Endogenic Processes

• Volcanic Landforms (contd)
• iv) Calderas (gt1.5 km)
• (e.g. Crater Lake see fig 2.10)

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Endogenic Processes

• Epeirogenic (Isostatic) Processes
• i) Glacial
• ii) Crustal Composition Structure
• (see fig. 2.7)

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Exogenic Processes

• Climate
• i) Function of Climatic System
• ii) Heat and Water

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Exogenic Processes

• Climate Geomorphology
• (see fig. 4.5)

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Exogenic Processes

• Canadian Climate
• (see figs. 3.10 3.11)