Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest Requirements Fatigue Risk Management

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Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest
Requirements Fatigue Risk Management

• Virgilijus Valentukevicius, EASA

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• I. The Basis
• ICAO Annex 6 Part I, II and III
• ICAO FRMS Guidance Material
• Basic Regulation 216/2008
• EU OPS Subpart Q

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• II. The Concept
• Implementing Rules
• Certification Specifications
• Fatigue Management

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The Basis Reg 216/2008 ERs

• All crew members (Annex IV, 7.f.)
• No crew member must allow their task
  achievement/decision making to deteriorate to the
  extent that flight safety is endangered because
  of the effects of fatigue
• Taking into account fatigue accumulation, sleep
  deprivation, number of sectors flown, night
  duties or time zone changes
• Rest periods must provide sufficient time to
  overcome the effects of the previous duties and
  to be well rested by the start of the following
  flight duty period

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The Basis Reg 216/2008 ERs

• Commercial and complex aircraft operations (Annex
  IV, 8.b. 8.f)
• limitations applicable to flight time, flight
  duty periods and rest periods specified in the
  operations manual
• fatigue management through a rostering system
  to address flight time, flight duty periods, duty
  and adapted rest periods

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• Commercial and complex aircraft operations (Annex
  IV, 8.b. 8.f)
• rostering system to take into account number of
  sectors flown, time zone crossing, sleep
  deprivation, disruption of circadian cycles,
  night hours, positioning, cumulative duty time
  for given periods of time, sharing of allocated
  tasks between crew members, and augmented crews

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The Basis Reg 216/2008 Art. 22

• Air Operation Certification
• With regard to flight time limitation
• Agency to issue certification specifications
• Initially, the implementing rules shall include
  all substantive provisions of Subpart Q, taking
  into account the latest scientific and technical
  evidence

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• Air Operation Certification
• With regard to flight time limitation
• Individual schemes which are acceptable to the
  Agency, or on which the Commission has taken a
  positive decision shall be published
• Provisional derogations in unforeseen urgent
  operational circumstances or operational needs of
  a limited duration and non-repetitive nature,
  until the Agency expresses its opinion

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The Basis Reg 216/2008 Art. 22

• Air Operation Certification
• Member States may approve individual flight time
  specification schemes
• Member States notify the Agency, the Commission
  and the other MSs that it intends to grant
  approval for an individual scheme

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• Air Operation Certification
• Agency shall, within one month, assess the
  individual scheme on the basis of a scientific
  and medical evaluation
• Thereafter the Member States may grant the
  approval, unless the Agency has proposed changes.
  Should the MS agree with these changes, it may
  grant the approval accordingly

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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22
Authority Requirements FTL
Part-OPS Subpart GEN FTL
Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section
VIII - FTL
Fatigue Risk Management
FTL Requirements
General
Certification Specifications
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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22

• Approval procedures for individual FTL schemes
• Safety objective
• Required documentation
• Notification and approval processes

Authority Requirements FTL
Individual FTL Schemes
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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22

• Crew responsibilities
• crewmembers subject to FTL schemes of more than
  one operator
• compliance with all FTL requirements
• inform each operator
• maintain individual records
• responsibility to assess and manage level of
  fatigue

Part-OPS Subpart GEN FTL
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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22
Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section
VIII - FTL
Fatigue Risk Management
FTL Requirements
General
Certification Specifications
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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22
Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section
VIII - FTL
General
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The Concept - General

• Definitions
• augmented crew, flight time, duty time, duty
  period, flight duty period, etc.

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The Concept - General

• Operator responsibilities
• publish roster, nominate home base, specify
  reporting times, schedule crew members in line
  with FTL requirements, etc.

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The Concept - General

• Records on flight and duty times and rest period
• Non-commercial
• Commercial 15 months, provided by crew members,
  extended FDP
• Copies to crew member, other operator

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The Concept - General

• Fatigue Risk Management System
• Integral part of management system, manage risks
  of fatigue, correspond to roster system or FTL
  CS, requirement to report, apply mitigating
  measures

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The Concept - General

• Flight Duty Period (FDP)
• PIC discretion in special circumstances
• Reduce FDP/increase rest
• Increase FDP/reduce rest PIC report
• If gt1 hr report to authority

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The Concept - General

• Flight Times Duty Periods
• Total duty periods
• In any 28 consecutive days
• In any 7 consecutive days
• Total flight time
• In any 28 consecutive days
• In any 12 consecutive calendar months

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The Concept - General

• Positioning
• Time spent on positioning is duty time
• Positioning prior to operating is part of the FDP

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The Concept - General

• Standby duty (aerodrome/operating site)
• Count in full (cumulative duty), flight duty
  period (rest calculation), no flight rest
  period, quiet comfortable place, not accessible
  to the public

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The Concept - Non-commercial operators of complex
aircraft

• FTL limitations part of Ops Manual, option to use
  roster system (sectors, time zones, night hours,
  positioning, cumulative duty time, ) or CS or
  individual FTL scheme
• Corresponding FRMS

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Records (for 15 months)
• Flight times
• Start, duration, end of duty or FDP
• Rest periods
• Days free of duty

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) components
• Policy, training programmes, fatigue (and
  incidents related to fatigue) detection,
  reporting, investigation and management,
  feedback, adjustment mechanism

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Flight time specification schemes
• CS published by the Agency
• Individual FTL scheme approved by the competent
  authority (Part AR)

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Flight time specification schemes
• Compliance with Basic Regulation and IRs
• Full description with documentation (operational
  experience, best practices, address all
  applicable FTL requirements, FRMS, risk
  assessment, scientific knowledge, affected groups)

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Flight time specification schemes
• Roster system elements (FDP, flight times, duty
  periods, positioning duty, standby duty, rest
  periods)

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Flight duty period (FDP)
• Maximum basic daily FDP and reductions
• Dependent on the number of sectors flown
• When it start, end or encompass the Window of
  Circadian Low (WOCL)

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Flight duty period (FDP)
• Maximum basic daily FDP and extensions
• Number of sectors, FDP within the WOCL, Max Nr of
  extensions, augmentation of basic flight crew,
  etc
• Conditions and procedures for the decision of PIC
  in special circumstances

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Standby duty
• FTL schemes to address
• Maximum length
• Standby followed by flight duty
• Rest following standby duty
• standby duty shall be rostered
• requirements for airport standby duty

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The Concept - Commercial operators

• Rest Periods
• Minimum rest after duty period
• Rest away from home base
• Compensation of time zone differences
• Recurrent extended recovery rest periods

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The Concept
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22
Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section
VIII - FTL
FTL Requirements
Certification Specifications
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Certification specifications

• FTL specification scheme
• Commercial air transport (aeroplanes)
• EU-OPS Subpart Q
• Figures
• Further CSs to be developed
• air taxi, corporate, specialised heli ops, . . .

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Certification specifications

• FTL specification scheme
• Commercial air transport (aeroplanes)
• EU-OPS Subpart Q
• Figures

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Certification specifications

• FTL specification scheme
• Commercial air transport (aeroplanes)
• EU-OPS Subpart Q
• Figures

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Certification specifications

• Flight Times Duty Periods
• Total duty periods
• 60 duty hours in any 7 consecutive days
• 190 duty hours in any 28 consecutive days
• Total block time
• 100 flight hours in any 28 consecutive days
• 900 flight hours in any 12 consecutive calendar
  months

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Certification specifications

• Minimum rest period
• At home base - 12 hrs
• Away from home base 10 hrs (incl. 8 hrs sleep)
• Recurrent extended recovery period
• To compensate cumulative fatigue
• 36 hrs including 2 local nights
• 168 hrs between end - start

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Certification specifications

• Unforeseen circumstances
• Max daily FDP without extension - increase up to
  2 hrs (augmented flight crew 3 hrs)
• Max daily FDP with extension - increase up to 1
  hr (augmented flight crew 2 hrs)
• Final sector flexibility
• Consultation with all crew members

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The Concept - FRMS
Basic Regulation ERs Art 22
Organisation Requirements Subpart OPS Section
VIII - FTL
Fatigue Risk Management
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The Concept - FRMS

• Fatigue Risk Management System
• Integral part of the safety management system
• Correspond to the type, size and complexity of
  the operations the flight time specification
  scheme
• Elements in line with ICAO guidelines for the
  development of a FRMS

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The Concept - FRMS

• Fatigue Risk Management System
• Integration of operational and scientific data in
  rostering
• Balance between duty types, crew rest and
  recovery
• All relevant aspects shall be implemented, not
  selective elements only

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The Concept - FRMS

• Fatigue Risk Management System
• Should take into account both transient and
  cumulative fatigue
• Scientifically based, data driven ongoing
  adaptive process
• FRMS maintain required level of safety whilst
  allowing operational flexibility

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The Concept - FRMS

• Essential components of the FRMS
• A fatigue risk management policy
• Education and awareness training programme
• Processes for the detection, reporting and
  investigation of fatigue risk and incidents that
  may be attributable wholly or partially to
  fatigue
• Processes for monitoring fatigue
• Feedback mechanism within management system

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The Concept - FRMS

• Fatigue Risk Management System for commercial
  operators
• Type, size and complexity of organisation
• Activities
• Elements

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Flight times and duty periods

• An operator should ensure that flight and duty
  time limitations and rest requirements are
  established, implemented and maintained without
  prejudice to the standards set in Council
  Directive 2000/79/EC of 27 November 2000
  concerning the European Agreement on the
  Organisation of Working Time of Mobile Workers in
  Civil Aviation

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• Thank you
• for your attention