HISTORY OF ENGINEERING

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HISTORY OF ENGINEERINGDEVELOPMENT OF
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(Lecture 2)
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Chronology of Industrial Engineering

• Emergence of IE increasing need for technically
  trained people who could plan, organize, and
  direct the operations of large complex systems
• History supervisors were given verbal
  instructions
• Any improved efficiency usually came from worker
  himself
• F. W. Taylor analyzing and the work content of
  a job and designing the job for maximum
  efficiency effects on planning, scheduling and
  process

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Chronology of Industrial Engineering

• F. B. Gilbreth analysis, measurement of
  fundamental motions reach, grasp and
  transport
• H. L. Gantt Gantt chart systematic graphical
  tool for preplanning and scheduling activities,
  reviewing progress, and updating schedule
• W. A. Shewhart fundamental principles of
  quality control in 1924
• Industrial engineering developed as a profession
  based on science rather than art

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Chronology of Industrial Engineering

• The history of IE is spread on the overlapping
  periods of
• Scientific Management 1900 1930
• Industrial Engineering 1920 Present
• Operations Research 1940 1970
• IE Systems Engineering 1970 Future
• We can see that IE has seen most of its
  developments in the last century
• The new orientation i.e. IE Systems Engineering
  is building not only on the foundation of IE/OR
  but is also taking the concepts from feedback
  control, computer science and systems engineering
  etc.

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Industrial Engineering Organizations

• The society of industrial engineers was formed
  prior to 1920.
• AIIE which later became IIE was formed in 1948
  a technical society for industrial engineers
  which has many university chapters
• The Journal of IE (1949) was divided into
  Industrial Engineering (monthly) and IIE
  Transactions (quarterly)
• Practicing industrial engineers belong to other
  organizations also.
• IIE membership view their professional activities
  as concerned with broad aspects of total system
  design

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Industrial Engineering Education

• Industrial engineering is concerned with the
  design, improvement, and installation of
  integrated systems of people, materials,
  information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon
  specialized knowledge and skill in the
  mathematical, physical, and social sciences
• The basic principles of IE are being applied
  widely in agriculture, hospitals, banks,
  government organizations, and so forth
• IE was predominantly taught in mechanical
  engineering departments until the end of World
  War II
• PhDs in industrial engineering go into teaching
  and positions in industry and government

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Impact of Related Developments

• Impact of Operations Research
• Impact of mathematical analysis approach called
  operations research (e.g. strength, mix and cost
  of an alloy)
• Operations research connects a set of
  quantitative methods that are applicable to a
  wide range of managerial and operational problems
• Impact of Digital Computers
• Rapid and accurate handling of vast amount of
  data
• Managing and controlling large, complex
  operations
• Techniques like simulation and CAD/CAM (e.g.
  cutting path)
• Automatic generation of process plans, bills of
  material, work schedules etc
• Computer networks make all computers talk to each
  other CIM
• Emergence of Service Industries
• Hospitals, clinics eliminate wastes, schedule
  activities
• Government organizations increase efficiency,
  reduce paperwork, project management

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Relationship of to Other Engineering Disciplines
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Challenges of the Future

• Learn to accomplish their mission in recognition
  of the constraints oil, other natural resources
  etc
• Design systems compatible with the natural
  environment wastes
• Design products that are safe and reliable
  quality control
• Improve productivity US markets in comparison
  to other countries
• In short, engineers will be expected to design
  systems that optimally utilize resources for the
  satisfaction of human needs (definition)