Ebola

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Ebola
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Discovery

• 1976 near Ebola River Valley in Africa

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Type of Virus

• Negative sense RNA
• Viral proteins
• Enveloped

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Types
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Zaire Virus

• 1976
• Most lethal and common form
• 90 fatality rate

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Sudan Ebolavirus

• 1976
• Fatality rate around 60
• Unknown carrier

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Reston Ebolavirus

• 1989
• No effect on humans
• Only monkeys
• Crab-eating macaques

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Côte d'Ivoire Ebolavirus

• 1994
• Found in chimps from Tai Forest
• Little effect on humans

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Bundibugyo Ebolavirus

• 2007
• 34 mortality rate
• Uganda Ministry announced its end in 2008

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Symptoms
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Initial Symptoms

• Fever
• Headache
• Malaise
• Muscle pain
• Inflammation of pharynx

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6 days later

• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Maculopapular rash
• Bleeding at needle sites bodily orifices
• Hemorrhagic diathesis
• Blank expression

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Transmission
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Normal Transmission

• Natural reservoirs ? humans
• Primate carcasses ? humans
• Bodily fluids
• Airborne in labs

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Natural Reservoirs

• Primates
• Bats
• Small rodents
• Duikers
• high mortality unlikely natural reservoir

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Hospitals

• Major outbreaks have only occurred in African
  hospitals
• Yambuku Hospital

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Distribution
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Ebola vs Marburg

• Marburg less deadly than Ebola
• Elicit different antibodies

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Source