BRAVEHEART

1
BRAVEHEART

• The Story of William Wallace during the reign
• of Edward I of England

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SIR WILLIAM WALLACE

• Born 1270 near Renfrew, Scotland
• Died Aug. 23rd, 1305, in London

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Wallace was

• A National Hero
• Leader of Scottish resistance forces during the
  long, and ultimately successful, struggle to free
  Scotland from English rule.

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In 1296

• Edward I of England
• Deposed Scottish king (John Balliol)
• Declared self King/Ruler of Scotland

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The Resistance Begins

• May 1297
• Wallace and a band of 30 some men burned Lanark
  and killed its English sheriff.
• Wallace then organized an army of commoners and
  small landowners and attacked the English
  garrisons between the Rivers Forth and Tay.

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Sept. 11, 1297

• English response, led by the Earl of Surrey, John
  de Warenne
• THE BATTLE OF STIRLING
• Wallace and his forces were greatly outnumbered,
  but Surrey had to cross a bridge before reaching
  the Scottish positionsthe English were
  slaughtered as they crossed the river.

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Stirling Castle

• Captured by Wallace after the overwhelming
  victory at Stirling
• AND, for the moment, Scotland was nearly free of
  occupying forces from England.

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OCTOBER 1297

• Wallace invades northern England, specifically
  York, and ravaged the counties of Northumberland
  and Cumberland.

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December 1297

• Wallace returns to Scotland
• Knighted
• Named guardian of the kingdom
• However, many of the nobles lent him support only
  grudgingly
• Also, Wallace was yet to confront Edward I

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Edward I

• Returns to England from the campaigns in France
  in March 1298.
• July 3rd
• Invades Scotland
• July 22nd
• Confronts Wallace at Falkirk

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BATTLE OF FALKIRK

• Wallaces spearmen were defeated by archers and
  cavalry from England.
• Wallace received help from forces opposed to
  Edward I, but was ultimately overwhelmed by
  English forces after half-hearted help from
  Scottish nobles.
• Battle RUINED Wallaces military reputation

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December 1298

• Wallace resigns guardianship of Scotland
• Succeeded by Robert de Bruce (later King Robert
  I)
• THENWALLACE DISAPPEARS..

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Autumn 1299-Summer 1304

• Wallace whereabouts unknown some ideas were
• He was in France in 1299
• Acted as a solitary guerrilla leader in Scotland
• But his true activities are unknown

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Scottish submission

• Most of the Scottish nobles submitted to Edward I
  in 1304.
• Felt that it was their only way to co-exist with
  the dominant English ruler.

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Aug. 5, 1305

• Wallace is captured and arrested near Glasgow,
  Scotland.
• He was taken to London, and condemned as a
  traitor to the king, even though, as he
  maintained, he had never sworn allegiance to
  Edward.

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Wallaces End

• He was
• Hanged
• Disemboweled
• Beheaded
• Quartered

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In 1306

• Robert de Bruce
• Begins a new rebellion
• Wins Independence for Scotland in 1314.

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Edward I of England

• Son of Henry III
• King during a period of rising national
  consciousness in England (1272-1307)

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Edward I achievements

• Strengthened the crown and Parliament against the
  old feudal nobility
• Subdued Wales, destroying its autonomy
• Sought (albeit unsuccessfully) the conquest of
  Scotland.
• Reign noted particularly for administrative
  efficiency and legal reform.
• Introduced series of statutes to strengthen crown
  and feudal hierarchy
• Defined and emendated English law

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Edwards Scottish Relationship

• Relations were amicable and the border had been
  remarkably peaceful for nearly 100 years before
  the reign of Edward I.
• He inaugurated more than 250 years of bitter
  hatred, savage warfare, and bloody border forays.

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CHARACTERS IN THE MOVIE

• Need to know these in order to understand what
  happens throughout the production

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Williams family

• Sir Malcolm Wallace, his father
• A small landowner in Renfrew.
• John Wallace, his brother
• Argyle Wallace, his uncle
• Rich patron who took him on a pilgrimage to Rome

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CAMPBELLS

• Hemish Campbell- Williams best friend from his
  youth
• Campbell- father of Hemish

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McClannoughs

• Murron McClannough- Wallaces childhood love and
  his wife
• McClannough- Murrons father

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Robert de Bruce

• The 17th Bruce, later the guardian of Scotland
• His father- 16th Bruce- kept in hiding from the
  nobles due to appearance

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Scottish Nobles

• Craig- the bald guy in the movie
• Mournay- dark hair, looks like he belongs in a
  Genesis music video
• Lochland- tall, skinny, blondish skullet

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The English Group

• Edward I- the Longshanks
• Prince Edward, later Edward II, the fourth son of
  Edward I
• Phillip- character of Piers Gaveston, supposed
  lover of Edward II
• Princess Isabelle- princess of France
• Escort to the princess

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Stephen

• The Irishman
• He is the comic relief of the tale