Part of Speech : positional classes

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Part of Speech positional classes

• 8th meeting
• Nominal and Verbal

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Three Modes of Classification

• 1.Classification by function(S,V,DO,IO,SC,OC,O.pre
  p)
• 2. Classification by form (noun, verb, adjective,
  adverb, non-suffixing words)
• 3. Classification by position (nominal, verbal,
  adjectival, adverbial)
• ex The prettiest sat in the center.
• nominal

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Positional Classes

• Nominal
• Nominal position is occupied by any words,
  phrases, or even clauses that function as
  S,SC,DO,IO,OC,OP in a sentence.
• ex The rich live on the bay.
• In this sentence the word rich is an adjective
  by form but its called a nominal because it
  occupies the subject position in the sentence.
• He hated starving.
• In this sentence the word starving is a verb by
  form but its called a nominal because it
  occupies the direct object position in the
  sentence.

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• Verbal
• Verbal are those forms that occupy verb
  positions. The verb by form is a verbal by
  position.
• ex The golf team may play tomorrow.
• verbal
• The verbal position is occupied only by the main
  verb, so the aux verb may is not included in the
  verbal.

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• Finite Verbs
• Finite verbs are the verb forms that are capable
  of full assertion in a sentence and of changing
  their form to indicate person, number, or tense.
• ex the verb choose(look in page 254)

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• Nonfinite verbs
• The verb forms which dont assert fully and do
  not change their form to indicate person, number,
  or tense.There are only three forms of nonfinite
  forms which are present participle(-ING vb), past
  participle(-D pp), and the infinitive(to) verb
  stem.
• ex Shaking his fist
• Having stayed calm
• To stop this nonsense

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• 3. Adjectivals
• Adjectivals are those words from any forms that
  fill in the adjective position in the sentence.
• There are 4 characterictics of adjectival
  positions
• Between the determiner(words such as a, the,
  this, that, these, those, his, her, our, their,
  Johnys) and noun
• ex That joyful freshman
• det adjectival noun

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• 2. The third slot in the pattern 2
• ex Those boys are young.
• NP LV AJ
• 3. After the noun.It accepts adjectives, adverbs,
  verbs(participles), non-suffixing words, and word
  groups.
• ex The waitress, old and weary, sat heavily
  down.

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• 4. At the beginning of a sentence before the
  subject.
• Angry and upset, the applicant slammed the door.

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• 4. Adverbial
• Adverbial are those words or even group of words
  that can fill in adverb position in a sentence.
  We limit the position of adverbial into 5
  positions
• Before the pattern, with or without juncture
• Really, you should know better.
• Now its time to go.
• After the subject and before the auxiliary or
  verb.
• She often would forget her keys.
• He actually expects to marry her.

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• 3. After the auxiliary or the first auxiliary.
• He would seldom make the effort.
• They could easily have made the touchdown.
• 4. After the verb in pattern 1 and after be in
  pattern 2 and 3.
• He drove recklessly.
• Her brother is always a gentleman.
• She is outside.

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• 5. After the complement of the verb (SC,DO,OC)
• Hoskins will be quarterback tomorrow.
• SC
• Hoskins will play football tomorrow.
• DO
• They may choose Hoskins captain tomorrow.
• OC

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Verb-Adverbial Composites

• A verb-adverbial composite is a group of word
  consists of a verb and adverbial ( Or in
  practice, u know it as phrasal verb).The meaning
  of a verb adverbial composite is different from
  the meaning of its verb and adverbial itself,
  therefore it produces a new meaning.
• ex He turned up at seven oclock.
• There are two kinds of Verb-adverbial composites
• Intransitive Verb-Adverbial Composite (VAC)
• ex The car broke down.
• Transitive Verb-Adverbial Composite (VAC O)
• ex He turned down the offer.