Verbals

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Verbals
Gerund
Participle
Infinitive
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Verbal Phrase

• A phrase that is centered around a verb form.
• This verb form is NOT used as a verb in the
  sentence
• It is used as a noun, adjective or adverb.
• There are 3 kinds of verbals or verbal phrases
• GERUND PARITCIPLE INFINITIVE

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Gerund
What?
- ing
NOUN
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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• centers around a verb form ending in -ING
• is always used as a noun
• is never surrounded by commas (except for
  appositives)
• Caution! -ING verb forms can also be verbs or
  adjectives (These are NOT gerunds.)
• can be used in each of the 6 noun positions

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Not all -ING words are Gerunds

• morning
• evening
• something
• nothing
• anything
• everything
• She is driving to school today.

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• EXAMPLES
• Swimming the mile is my best event.
• I like swimming the mile.
• My best event is swimming the mile.
• I gave swimming the mile a try.
• He lectured us about swimming the mile.
• My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled.

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• ANSWERS
• Swimming the mile is my best event. (Subject)
• I like swimming the mile. (DO)
• My best event is swimming the mile. (PN)
• I gave swimming the mile a try. (IO)
• He lectured us about swimming the mile. (OP)
• My best event, swimming the mile, was canceled.
  (APP)

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• EXAMPLES
• His sister was dancing in the show.
• I hate practicing the piano.
• I gave my moms cooking a perfect 10.
• Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing.
• Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life.
• While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand
  dollar.

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• ANSWERS
• His sister was dancing in the show. (not a
  gerund, verb phrase)
• I hate practicing the piano. (DO)
• I gave my moms cooking a perfect 10. (IO)
• Sitting by the pool is quite relaxing. (S)
• Wishing upon a star, Sue imagined a better life.
  (not a gerund, participial phrase)
• While I was walking on the beach, I found a sand
  dollar.(not a gerund, clause)

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• EXAMPLES
• Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study.
• Kinos specialty is cooking mushrooms.
• The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira
  that her sister was home.
• Carla decided on writing about famous women in
  history.
• Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a
  winters evening.

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• ANSWERS
• Becoming a doctor takes years of serious study.
  (S)
• Kinos specialty is cooking mushrooms. (PN)
• The subtle squeaking of the door hinges told Mira
  that her sister was home. (S)
• Carla decided on writing about famous women in
  history. (OP)
• Mr. Riley enjoys the crackling of a campfire on a
  winters evening. (DO)

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• EXAMPLES
• Traveling to new and interesting places is fun.
• The smiling child amused his parents.
• Give playing golf another chance.
• Pam is studying for her French exam.
• Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut.

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Gerund / Gerund Phrase

• ANSWERS
• Traveling to new and interesting places is fun.
  (S)
• The smiling child amused his parents. (not a
  gerund, participle)
• Give playing golf another chance. (IO)
• Pam is studying for her French exam. (not a
  gerund, verb phrase)
• Holding onto the kite, Jeremy received a cut.
  (not a gerund, participial phrase)

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Gerund / Gerund Phrasepatterns to look for

• Subject verb
• Subject linking verb PN
• Subject action verb DO
• Subject action verb (usu. give) IO
  DO
• Preposition OP
• S, Appositive , verb(Other combinations are
  possible for this one.)

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Participle
-ing -d -ed -n -en -nt
What kind? Which one?
ADJECTIVE
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Participles

• are verb forms that act like adjectives.
• can end in ing, -d, -ed, -n, -en, nt
• will come as close as they can to the noun they
  modify
• can come BEFORE or AFTER the noun it modifies

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Participles

• Examples
• The frowning clown fell down. (article/
  adj./noun)
• The clown, frowning at the crowd, fell down.
• Frowning at the crowd, the clown fell down.

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Participial Phrases

• may fall at the beginning of the sentence.
• If so, it will be separated from the
  sentencewith a comma
• Example
• Bent by the wind, the tree finally fell over.

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Find the participles

• The fallen tree blocked the road.
• Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.
• Mikes goal was hiking the Rockies.
• The running water eroded the soil.
• We finally got our own swimming pool.
• Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful.

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Find the participles (Answers)

• The fallen tree blocked the road.
• Mary had to replace the soiled carpet.
• Mikes goal was hiking the Rockies. (gerund)
• The running water eroded the soil.
• We finally got our own swimming pool.
• Eating jalapeno peppers can be painful. (gerund)

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Find the participial phrases

• Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the
  family.
• Seeing my family made me feel safe.
• Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.
• The wind, whipping through the valley, did
  extensive damage.
• I saw my uncle waiting for me.

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Find the participial phrases (Answers)

• Running quickly, the puppy caught up with the
  family.
• Seeing my family made me feel safe. (gerund)
• Bending in the wind, the tree finally fell.
• The wind, whipping through the valley, did
  extensive damage.
• I saw my uncle waiting for me.

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Find the participial phrases

• Grannys goal, quilting a huge quilt, will have
  to wait until spring.
• Marthas hobby is sewing for the family.
• Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely.
• The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin.
• Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.

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Find the participial phrases(Answers)

• Grannys goal, quilting a huge quilt, will have
  to wait until spring. (gerund / appositive)
• Marthas hobby is sewing for the family. (gerund)
• Sitting by the dock, Bob felt lonely.
• The boy sitting by the bay was my cousin.
• Not watching his steps, the toddler fell down.

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Participle / Participial Phrase patterns to look
for

• participial phrase , Subject verb
• Subject, participial phrase , verb
• Subject verb DO participial phrase
• Preposition OP participial phrase
• Article participle Noun

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Infinitive
What? (NOUN) Which one? (ADJ.) What kind?
(ADJ.) Why? (ADV.)
to verb
NOUN / ADJECTIVE / ADVERB
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Infinitive RULES

• Center around TO verb
• Verb is naked No endings (-ing, -ed, etc.)
• Examples to go, to sit, to talk, etc.
• Can be used as noun, adj. or adv.
• Caution! Do not confuse with prepositional
  phrases using to(to school, to me, to us, to
  them, to lunch, etc.)

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Find the Infinitives

• I wanted to go to the mall today.
• My mom went to bed early.
• Your cat ate too much food today.
• To sleep all day is unhealthy.
• I want to ask you a question.

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Find the Infinitive Phrases

• I went to the pond to fish for bass.
• I have to go to the mall before supper.
• To make good grades, one must study.
• My goal is to make good grades.
• I sat with the team to give them my support.
• Dont try to get out of here too fast.

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Infinitive Phrases used as NOUNS

• I want to get a car for my birthday.
• My goal is to get a car for my birthday.
• To get a car for my birthday would be wonderful.
• My goal, to get a car for my birthday, may never
  happen.
• Which two noun positions are not used?

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Infinitive Phrases used as ADJECTIVES

• The movie to see is Avatar.
• I missed the road to take to the beach.
• The place to see moose is Canada.
• I need a place to keep my book bag.
• Adjective infinitive phrases will come directly
  after a noun and modify it by answering which?
  or what kind?.

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Infinitive Phrases used as ADVERBS

• I went to the pond to fish.
• To get into Harvard, you must study.
• I am happy to be here.
• I am sad to see you go.
• An infinitive phrase that comes first in a
  sentence MAY be an adverb, but it will have a
  comma after it. Adverb infinitive phrases
  usually answer why? or how?.

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Some famous Infinitives

• To be or not to be, that is the question.
• To know me is to love me.
• Youve got to live a little.
• I vant to drink your bloooooood.
• I wanna hold your hand.
• Ive only just begun to fight.
• To boldly go where no man has gone before
  (split infinitive)

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Look for patterns