Nuclear Safety

1
Nuclear Safety Security Culture in Pakistan

• Mr. Mohammad Anwar Habib
• Chairman
• Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority

2
Scheme of Presentation

• PNRA (Introduction)
• Regulatory Framework
• Core Functions
• Legal Framework
• Safety and Security Culture
• Present Activities
• Challenges
• Conclusion

3
PNRA

• Our Vision
• To become a world class regulatory body with
  highly trained, competent and dedicated personnel
  with a zeal to foster a positive safety culture
  in their licensees and to regulate nuclear safety
  to protect the public, the workers and the
  environment from the harmful effects of radiation
  and in a manner that wins the confidence of all
  the stakeholders
• Our Mission
• To ensure the safe operation of nuclear
  facilities and to protect the radiation workers,
  general public and the environment from the
  harmful effects of radiation by formulating and
  implementing effective regulations and building a
  relationship of trust with the licensee and
  maintain transparency in actions and decisions
  taken by the regulatory authority.

4
Regulatory Framework
5
Core Functions
6
Legal Framework
7
Concept of Nuclear Safety
7.
6. Secondary to Tertiary
4. Containment 5. Primary to Secondary
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3C Concept of Nuclear Safety
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Concept of Radiation Safety
Shielding
Time
Distance
To protect man from the harmful effects of
radiation
10
Concept of Nuclear Security
Detection
Barrier/Delay
Adversary or Intruder
Response
To protect the facility from the deliberate
actions
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Integration of Safety and Security
Prevention
Prevention
Protection
Control
Deterrence
Mitigation
Potential hazards from site and operational
malfunctions
Potential hazards from Malicious acts
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Shared objectives of Nuclear Safety and Nuclear
Security

• The shared objective is to protect people and
  environment from the potential risk from
  radioactive material and associated facilities
• Both consider and deal with the human behavior
  which is important for the establishment and
  enhancement of culture.
• Both strive for
• handling the complacency
• achieving high standards of honesty and integrity
• Establishing an effective management system

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Cultural
Generative Safety Security is built into the
way we work and think
Reactive Safety Security is important we do
lots of it after every accident
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Safety and Security Culture Approach

• Nuclear Safety Culture

• Nuclear Security Culture

• Places an additional emphasis on deliberate acts
• Immediate response to confirmed or perceived
  threats/ incidents requiring restriction on
  communication to authorized persons

• Risk of inadvertent human error
• Overriding concern for transparency and dialogue
  leading to sharing of information

Safety and security culture coexist and need to
reinforce each other because they share the
common objective of limiting risk. There will be
occasions where there are differences between
safety and security requirements. Therefore, an
organization in charge of nuclear matters has to
foster an approach that integrates safety and
security in a mutually supporting manner.
15
Synergy of Safety and Security Culture

• Safety and security cultures need to reinforce
  each other and organization has to foster an
  approach that integrates safety and security in a
  mutually supporting manner.

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Safety Culture

• Continuous safety improvement is the
  organizational goal with eagerness to escalate
  the safety level step by step all the time
• Staff is committed to develop and embed a safety
  culture in all activities and decisions that
  recognizes the importance and value of effective
  safety management and acknowledges that safety is
  paramount
• Each individual adopts the attributes and follow
  the norms/principles of safety culture to
  maintain and enhance safety which will ultimately
  lead to ensure protection of public, worker and
  environment

17
Nuclear Security Culture

• Appropriate Nuclear Security Culture ensures that
  the implementation of nuclear security measures
  receive the attention warranted by their
  significance

18
Role of PNRA in promoting Safety and Security
Culture
Safety Culture
Security Culture
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Training Courses
20
Nuclear Safety Security Inspections
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Public Awareness Program

• Lectures delivered at different Universities
• Participation of public sector organizations in
  different lectures and seminars e.g. FBR, MoFA,
  SPD etc.
• Yearly meeting with govt. organizations specially
  with different regulators of country e.g. PEMRA,
  NEPRA, OGRA etc.

22
International Seminar on Nuclear Safety and
Security Challenges of 21st Century

• The seminar aimed to provide an opportunity
  to review the existing practices, identify
  strengths, weaknesses and areas of improvement
  for safe and secure use of nuclear technology in
  the country.

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Present Activities

• Effective integration of various stakeholders for
  achieving a common goal (PNRA, PAEC, SPD, MoFA,
  Licensee.)
• Establishment of a sustain able system for
  education and training
• Capacity building through education, training and
  awareness of
• Users of Nuclear/ Radiation facilities and their
  Security staff
• Managers/ Policy makers/ Targeted public groups
• Provision of latest equipment/ software

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Present Activities

• Enhancement of nuclear safety/ security culture
  at all level and assessment through PNRA
  inspections
• Exchange of best practices during inspections
• Provision of radiation detection equipment at
  national borders/ ports for combating Illicit
  Trafficking
• Periodic survey of scrap metal facilities to
  ensure the provision of clean metal to the nation

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Challenges

• A sustainable system for education training and
  awareness
• Media management during public awareness
  campaigns
• An effective coordination of all agencies/
  stakeholders
• Handling the lack of reporting culture
• Considering human factors for enhancement of
  safety and security culture.

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Conclusion

• If it matters, it should not happen
• If it happens, it should not matter

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.and tolerance !!