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The Global Ecumene

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The Global Ecumene Ulf Hannerz, Ch. 12, pp. 105-115 (Excerpted from Hannerz, The Global Ecumene, in Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Global Ecumene


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The Global Ecumene
  • Ulf Hannerz, Ch. 12, pp. 105-115 (Excerpted from
    Hannerz, The Global Ecumene, in Cultural
    Complexity Studies in the Social Organization of
    Meaning, Columbia, 1992)

3
Contradictory tendencies are always at work on
the one hand towards homogenization and the other
towards new distinctions
  • Claude Levi-Strauss

4
Globalization has created a global ecumene a
global commons
  • ecumene the inhabited or civilized world OED

5
Cultural mosaic metaphor no longer makes sense
  • Cultural mosaic implies separate pieces, with
    well-defined edges
  • Instead, entities we call cultures are more like
    subcultures within a global commons

6
But debates about cultural integrity rage on
  • Defenders of national culture point to threats to
    cultural integrity and identity
  • Disputes often center on the origin of cultural
    items and practices

7
Centers peripheries in cultural flow
  • Since the 1960s, understandings of globalization
    have highlighted asymmetry
  • center (core) periphery
  • metropolis satellite

8
Asymmetries are also present in the global social
organization of meaning
  • The social organization of meaning refers to
    culture
  • i.e., structures of meaning cultural expression

9
Material vs cultural asymmetries
  • How closely aligned are asymmetries of culture w/
    those of the economy, politics, or military
    power?
  • How do center/periphery relationships affect
    structures of meaning cultural expression?

10
Center/periphery relationships of culture are not
necessarily identical w/ political ec power
  • US case congruence
  • USSR little cultural influence, despite great
    political/military power
  • UK France cultural influence in excess of
    political economic power

11
But the cultural influence of countries is uneven
across different cultural areas
  • US science, technology popular culture
  • France high culture, food fashion
  • Japan corporate organization culture

12
And today?
  • Japan?
  • BRICs? Brazil, Russia, India, China?

13
Some countries have strong cultural influence in
their regions
  • Mexico Brazil in Latin America
  • Nigeria South Africa in Africa
  • India in South Asia
  • Egypt in the Arab world

14
Bush Beento The World in the Third World
  • beento a person who returns home to Africa after
    studying or working in a foreign country
  • cosmopolitan, sophisticated, possessing cultural
    capital

15
Bush Beento The World in the Third World
  • bush an epithet for ignorance and rustic,
    unsophisticated, uncouth conduct
  • To be labeled bush in one way or other was to
    have ones rightful place in modern society put
    in question

16
Metropoles like NYC, London, Paris, Miami act
like centers of national cultures of periphery
  • diaspora produce disseminate culture
    (literature, art, film, music)
  • diaspora dispersion of people sharing common
    ethnic identity
  • exiles find asylum
  • dissidents organize opposition to home regimes
  • technocrats and professionals gain skills to
    bring back to their home countries

17
Creolization innovation
  • The transnational cultural flow, by giving the
    periphery access to a wider cultural inventory,
    provides new resources of technology and symbolic
    expression to re-combine with local cultural
    forms
  • to perform innovative acts of cultural brokerage

18
A Creolizing World Summary
  • Autonomy boundedness of cultures is a matter of
    degree
  • Distribution of culture is affected by a
    structure of asymmetrical center/periphery
    relationships
  • These relationships affect cultures, to different
    degrees, in 2 ways
  • By shaping the material and power conditions to
    which cultures adapt
  • Through the influx of initially alien meanings
    cultural forms
  • That influx does not enter into a vacuum, or
    clean slate, but into various kinds of
    interaction w/ already existing meanings forms
  • The transnational cultural flow is internally
    diverse
  • Market, state, form of life, and movement
    frameworks for the organization of cultural flow
    all have their own ways of organizing
  • Not all cultures are local, in the sense of being
    territorially bounded
  • There may be no overall global homogenization
    of culture going on.

19
A Creolizing World
  • As the world turns, todays periphery may be
    tomorrows center (115)

20
Strategic Inauthenticity
  • Timothy Taylor, Ch. 17, pp. 151-155 (Excerpted
    from Taylor, Strategic Inauthenticity, in
    Global Pop World Music, World Markets,
    Routledge, 1997)

21
Youssou NDour A Modern Griot
  • Aims to make a new popular music that integrates
    elements of indigenous traditional music and the
    local language with music from around the world
  • griot a storyteller in West Africa perpetuates
    the oral traditions of a family or village
    WordNet
  • Developed mbalax, dance music with strong
    distinctive rhythm

22
The Guide (Wommat)
  • Nominated for Grammy in 1994
  • Guitar sound influenced by range of African
    music, incl. soukous, highlife, Afrobeat, reggae,
    salsa, soul, and disco
  • Lyrics are varied, recalling the virtues of
    country life and traditional morality
    propriety as well as joblessness and
    anticolonial resistance

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Whose Authenticity?
  • NDour In Dakar, we hear many different
    recordings. We are open to these sounds. When
    people say my music is too Western, they must
    remember that we, too, hear this music over here.
    We hear the African music with the modern. (155)

24
Mulatu Astatke
  • Ethiopian-born musician and arranger best known
    as the father of Ethio-jazz
  • Musically trained in London, NYC, and Boston
    where he combined jazz and Latin music interests
    w/ traditional Ethiopian music
  • Astatke led his band while playing vibraphone and
    conga drumsinstruments that he introduced into
    Ethiopian popular musicas well as other
    percussion, keyboards and organ
  • Albums mostly instrumental, released during
    Ethiopia's Golden 70s

25
Nas and Damien MarleyDistant Relatives (2010)
  • Unlike all previous collaborations between
    Jamaican and American artists, Distant Relatives
    is neither a remix nor a featured guest spot on a
    single track but a fully collaborative effort
    filling an entire album, opening new avenues of
    musical expression. Distant Relatives traces the
    direct line from dancehall reggaes breakthrough
    moment forty years ago to the rise of hip hop
    several years later

26
As We Enter Verse 1
  • As we enter come mek we tek you pon di biggest
    adventure,
  • Must be dementia, that you ever thought you could
    touch our credentials,
  • what's the initials,
  • You be jamrock the lyrical official, send out the
    order, laws and the rituals,
  • Burn candles, say prayers, paint murals, it is
    truth we big News, we hood heroes,
  • Bruk past di anchor, we come to conquer, man a
    badman, we nah play Willy Wonka,
  • And I got the guns, I got the ganja
  • And we could blaze it up on ya block if you
    wanna, or,
  • Haze it up stash box in a Hummer, or,
  • You could run up and get done up
  • Or, get somethin that you want none of,
  • Unlimited amount you collect from us, direct from
    us,
  • Street intellectuals, and Im shrewd about
    decimals,
  • And my man can speak patois, and I can speak rap
    star,
  • Yall feel me even if its in Swahili, habari gani,
  • msuri sana, switch up the language and move to
    Ghana,
  • Salute and honor real revolution rhymers
  • Rhythm piranhas, like true Obamas, unfold the
    drama.

27
Chorus x2
  • Word is out
  • Hysteria ya heard about
  • Nas and Junior Gong came to turn it out
  • Body the verses til they scream murder out
  • The kings is back time to return the crown
  • Who want it
  • Tuck your chain when dude comin
  • Renegades that'll peel you back like new hundreds
  • Bet your jewels on it
  • You don't want to lose on it
  • Either move on or move on it

28
Verse 2
  • Queens to Kingston
  • Gunshots we use and govern the kingdom
  • Rise of the Winston I can see the fear in your
    eyes realize you could die any instant
  • And I can hear the sound of your voice when you
    must lose your life like mice in the kitchen
  • Snitching, I can see him pissing on himself and
    he wetting up his thighs and he trying to resist
    it
  • Switching I can smell him digging up shit like a
    fly come around and keep persisting
  • That's how you end up in a hit list / In a badman
    business
  • No evidence / Crime scene fingerprintless
  • Flow effortless / Casual like the weekends
  • No pressure with / We comfy and decent
  • Set this off beasting / Hunting season
  • And frankly speaking
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