Basic Medical Terminology 1

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Basic Medical Terminology 1
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Introduction

• Medical words are used daily
• media
• doctors, nurses
• working life
• Examples
• arthritis
• hepatitis
• anemia
• Useful to learn medical terminology

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Objectives

• Enable you to understand the common medical terms
• Allow you to explore and learn the vocabulary of
  the medical field
• Equip you with knowledge useful for daily work in
  the health care setting

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Lecture Schedule

• Lecture 1
• Introduction
• Word Structure and Analysis
• Suffixes
• Lecture 2
• Prefixes
• Enlarging your medical vocabulary

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Introduction to Medical Terminology
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Introduction

• Most medical terms come from
• Greek language
• diagnosis, surgery
• Latin languages
• anatomical names
• Many sound mysterious
• but can be easily worked out

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Word Structure

• All words have a word root
• eg trans/port
• ex/port
• Compound words
• words with 2 or more roots
• eg grand-father
• fire-fighter

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Word Structure

• Vowel
• often added to a root word
• allows formation of a compound word
• makes pronunciation easier
• Combining form
• word root vowel
• eg therm/o/meter
• micr/o/scope

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Word Structure

• Suffix
• attached to root
• eg practition-er
• Medical terms
• like jigsaw puzzle
• divided into several parts
• Example
• HEMATOLOGY
• HEMAT / O / LOGY

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Word Analysis

• 1st step
• look at end of the word
• suffix
• 2nd step
• look at beginning
• root word
• gives meaning of term
• 3rd step
• combining vowel
• usually consists of vowel o

HEMAT/O/LOGY
Combining vowel
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Word Analysis

• HEMAT / O / LOGY
• the study of blood

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Electr/o/cardi/o/gram

• suffix
• gram - a record
• 1st root
• electr - electricity
• 2nd root
• cardi - heart
• combining vowel
• o -connects roots with suffix

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Word Analysis

• Electrocardiogram
• record of the electricity in the heart
• combining form
• combining vowel root
• eg cardi/o
• heart
• eg electr/o
• electricity

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Gastr/o/enter/o/logy

• Suffix
• logy
• 1st combining form
• gastr/o
• 2nd combining form
• enter/o
• study of the stomach and intestines

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Word Analysis

• Gastr/o/scope
• suffix scope
• instrument to visually examine
• combining form gastr/o
• stomach
• instrument to visually examine the stomach

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Word Analysis

• Gastr/ic
• suffix
• adjective pertaining to
• combining vowel is dropped when suffix begins
  with a vowel
• root
• stomach
• pertaining to stomach

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Word Analysis

• Cardi/ac
• suffix
• adjective pertaining to
• combining vowel dropped
• root
• heart
• pertaining to the heart

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Word Analysis

• Enter/itis
• suffix
• inflammation
• combing vowel dropped
• root
• intestines
• inflammation of the intestines

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• Suffixes

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Suffixes

• attached to the end of root words to further its
  meaning
• 2 groups
• those that describe diagnoses
• describe condition of patient
• those that describe procedures

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Diagnostic Suffixes

• -algia
• pain
• eg neuralgia
• arthralgia
• -itis
• inflammation
• eg arthritis
• carditis

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Diagnostic Suffixes

• -ia
• a state or condition
• eg bradycardia
• pneumonia
• -osis
• abnormal condition
• eg neurosis

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Diagnostic Suffixes

• -iasis
• condition, formation of
• presence of stone (lith-)
• eg nephrolithiasis
• -genic
• origin, producing
• eg neurogenic causes
• pathogenic bacteria

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Diagnostic Suffixes

• -emia
• condition involving blood
• eg anemia
• septicemia, bacteremia
• -megaly
• enlargement
• eg acromegaly
• hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly

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Diagnostic Suffixes

• -oma
• tumor, swelling
• eg breast adenoma
• -oid
• being like, resembling
• eg uterine fibroid
• -lysis
• break down, loosening
• eg hemolysis

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Procedural Suffixes

• describe medical procedures
• looking into body parts
• types of surgical repair
• removal of body part
• examples
• -ectomy
• -otomy
• -scopy

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Procedural Suffixes

• -ectomy
• excision of, removal of
• may or may not remove entire organ
• eg tonsillectomy
• hepatectomy
• -otomy
• a surgical incision
• eg craniotomy, laparotomy

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Procedural Suffixes

• -centesis
• surgical puncture with a needle
• eg amniocentesis
• thoracocentesis
• -scopy
• insertion of an instrument to visualize
• eg gastroscopy, cystoscopy

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Procedural Suffixes

• -plasty
• surgical correction, plastic repair
• eg hip arthroplasty
• -ostomy
• operation to create opening (stoma)
• eg colostomy

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Other Suffixes

• do not fit into either category
• -logy
• study of
• eg biology
• cardiology
• -form
• shape
• eg deformed

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Other Suffixes

• -gram, -graph
• a written record
• eg
• electrocardiogram
• polygraph machine
• measures several parameters

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Other Suffixes

• -graphy
• process of recording
• eg photography

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Review

• Root word
• gives essential meaning of term
• Suffix
• word end
• Combining vowel
• connects root to suffix /other roots
• Combining form
• combination of root and combining vowel

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• QUIZ TIME

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

•  1. All words have a
• A. root
• B. vowel
• C. prefix

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

• 2. The root in the medical term tonsillitis is
• A. itis
• B. sill
• C. tonsill
•  
• 3. Fasciotomy is an example of a
• A. simple word
• B. compound word
• C. combining word

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

• 4. When you analyze a medical term, begin at the
• A. beginning of the word
• B. middle of the word
• C. end of the word
•  
• 5. Adding a vowel to a root results in a
• A. prefix
• B. combining form
• C. complex word

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

• 6. Which of the following can be used to divide
  words into their word parts?
• A. /
• B.
• C.
•  
• 7. Which of the following combinations do not
  need a combining vowel?
• A. dermat itis
• B. micr scopy
• C. dermat logy

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

• 8. Combining forms
• A. are always used to end a medical term
• B. are never connected to a suffix
• C. are never used to end a medical term
•  
• 9. The word gastroduodenoscopy has
• A. 1 root
• B. 2 roots
• C. 3 roots

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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

• 10. In the word physiology, the suffix is
• A. phy
• B. physio
• C. logy

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• Divide each of the following words into their
  component parts
• Word Root word Combining Vowel
  Suffix
• Cardiologist
• Biology
• Mammogram
• Bronchoscopy
• Arthritis
• Inguinal
• Pneumonia
• Oncologist

Cardi o
logist
Bi o
logy
Mamm o
gram
Bronch o
scopy
Arthr -
itis
Inguin -
al
Pneumon - ia
Onc o
logist