Chapter%2024%20

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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute Passive
Periphrastic Dative of agent
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute

• The Latin word absolutus means detached, set
  off, or loosened.

• Ablative absolutes are Latin phrases based on a
  word in the ablative case and in a way detached
  or set off or loosened from the rest of the
  sentence.

• This means that they do not grammatically
  interrelate very closely with the other words of
  the sentence. They have a certain independence.

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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute

• Ablative absolutes usually consist of a noun
  and an adjective.

• The adjective is often a participle (present
  like running, or past like done).

• The noun is usually not mentioned at all in the
  sentence's main clause.

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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
This structure is best learned by examples. First
consider some phrases in English that are used
absolutely. Notice the nouns and adjectives
(Absolute) (main
clause) Weather permitting, we will have the
picnic there.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
Some Latin examples
(Absolute)
(main clause) Hac fama narrata, dux urbem sine
mora reliquit.

With this rumor having been told, the leader left
the city without delay.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
(Absolute) (main
clause) Cane currente, equus magno cum timore
campum reliquit.
With the dog running, the horse left the field
with great fear.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
Equo cursuro, canis magno cum timore campum
reliquit.
With the horse about to run, the dog left the
field with great fear.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
Rege haec dicente, omnes cives terrebantur.
With the king saying these things, all the
citizens were terrified.

• In the ablative absolute, the ablative
  noun/pronoun regularly comes first, the
  participle last when the phrase contains
  additional words, like the direct object of the
  participle, they are usually enclosed within the
  noun/participle frame.

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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute

• As seen in the following examples, even two
  nouns, or a noun and an adjective, can function
  as an ablative absolute, with the present
  participle of sum to be understood.

Caesare duce, nihil timebimus.
With Caesar as leader, we will fear nothing.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
Caesare incerto, bellum timebamus.
With Caesar being uncertain, we were fearing the
war.
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Chapter 24 Ablative Absolute
There are basically three types of ablative
absolutes in Latin
1. ablative noun ablative perfect participle
(the most common type) "with X having been Y-ed"
2. ablative noun ablative present participle
"with X Y-ing"
3. ablative noun ablative noun/adjective "with
X (being) Y" there is no present participle for
sum.
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Chapter 24 Passive Periphrastic

• The passive periphrastic consists of the future
  passive participle (also called the gerundive)
  plus a form of sum.

• The participle (being an adjective) agrees with
  the subject.

• The participle carries a sense of necessity
  (must or ought) this is what is emphasized in
  the passive periphrastic.

• It's important to remember that the Latin
  construction is always passive, implying "must
  be, should be."

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Chapter 24 Passive Periphrastic
id faciendum est.
It must be done.
liber cum cura legendus est.
The book must be read with care.
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Chapter 24 Dative of Agent
The passive periphrastic is passive, but if the
'doer' is specified, it is not by ablative of
agent, but by the dative of agent
id faciendum est tibi.
it must be done by you.
liber mihi cum cura legendus est.
The book must be read with care by me.
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Chapter 24 Dative of Agent
illa puella subj. omnibus dat. of agent
laudanda est pass. periphrastic
That girl must be praised by everyone.
pax ducibus nostris petenda erat.
Peace had to be sought by our leaders
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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram,

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non?

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum,

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri?

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et,

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus fictis,

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus fictis, de
  multis culpis vitiisque narro.

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus fictis, de
  multis culpis vitiisque narro. Sed quid rides?

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus fictis, de
  multis culpis vitiisque narro. Sed quid rides?
  Mutato nomine,

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Translation Time, yall

• Ridens saturas meas percurram, et cur non? Quid
  vetat me ridentem dicere verum, ut pueris
  educandis saepe dant crustula magistri? Quaero
  res graves iucundo ludo et, nominibus fictis, de
  multis culpis vitiisque narro. Sed quid rides?
  Mutato nomine, de te fabula narratur.