PALM V EIN TECHNOLOGY

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WELCOME
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• PALM V EIN TECHNOLOGY

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CONTENTS

• INDRODUCTION
• Biometrics
• Palm Vein Technology
• REASONS FOR CONSIDERING THE PALM AREA FOR
  IDENTIFICATION
• Accuracy
• Practical applications
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• References

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INTRODUCTION

• Palm vein technology is one of the upcoming
  technology.
• It is the worlds first contactless personal
  identification system that uses the vein patterns
  in human palms to confirm a persons identity.
• It is highly secure and accurate.
• The contact less feature gives it a hygienic
  advantage over other biometric authentication
  technologies.
• It uses the vascular patterns of an individuals
  palm as personal identification data.
• biometric authentication technology, which
  identifies people by their unique biological
  information

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Biometrics

• Automated measurement of Physiological and/or
  behavioral characteristics to determine or
  authenticate identity is known as Biometrics
• Increasing necessity of e-mail, Internet
  resources etc, offers serious security concerns.
• Biometrics can be defined as recognizing and
  identifying a person based on physiological or
  behavioral characteristics
• The behavioral characteristics measure the
  movement of a user, when users walk, speak, type
  on a keyboard or sign their name.
• The physiological characteristics would be the
  physical human traits like fingerprints, hand
  shape, eyes and face, veins, etc

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BIOMETRIC FEATURES

• It becomes obsolete to beware passwords safely or
  to remember to all of them.
• Abuse of stolen id cards and passports will be
  reduced enormously.
• Abuse of stolen credit cards will be prevented.
• Taking over foreign identities will be
  impossible.
• Building access right to people without the right
  of admittance will be prevented.
• Access to devices/computers will be not possible
  for persons without the right of admittance.
• Unnecessary costs will be drastically reduced.
• Level of common convenience and safety will
  grow.

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DIFFERENT BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES

• Physical Biometrics
• Iris
• Retina
• Vein Pattern
• Hand Geometry
• Face
• Fingerprint
• Ear shape
• Behavioral Biometrics
• Keystroke dynamics
• Signature dynamics
• Walking Gait
• Voice

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Biometric Systems
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Biometrics Process
new biometric sample is requested.
No
Quality Sufficient?
Signal Processing, Feature Extraction,
Representation
Biometric Data Collection
Transmission
Yes
Generate Template
Database
Template Match
Decision Confidence?
Yes
No
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• VOICE PRINT
• Voice Recognition is the Identification using
  the acoustic features of speech that have been
  found to differ between individuals.
• ADVANTAGES
• Easy to use and requires no special training or
  equipment.
• Relatively inexpensive compared to other
  biometrics.
• Consumers prefer to use voiceprints over other
  biometric technology for identification according
  to a Chase banks research study.
• DISADVANTAGES
• When processing a persons voice over multiple
  channels such a microphone and then over a
  telephone reduces the recognition rate.
• Physical conditions of the voice, such as those
  due to sickness, affect the voice verification
  process.
• Environment noise reduces the overall accuracy
  and effectiveness of the recognition.
• The storage requirement for voiceprint database
  can be very large.
• A persons voice changes over time.

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Voice Identification System
Construct voice reference template
Database
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• FINGER PRINT
• Fingerprint Recognition is the identification by
  using patterns of friction ridges and valleys on
  an individual's fingertips which are unique to
  that individual.
• ADVANTAGES
• Since fingerprints are the composition of
  protruding sweat glands, everyone has unique
  fingerprints. They do not change naturally.
• Its reliability and stability is higher compared
  to the iris, voice, and face recognition method.
• Fingerprint recognition equipment is relatively
  low-priced compared to other biometric system
• DISADVANTAGES
• Vulnerable to noise and distortion brought on by
  dirt and twists.
• Some people may feel offended about placing their
  fingers on the same place where many other people
  have continuously touched.
• Some people have damaged or eliminated
  fingerprints.
• Since users have to touch the sensing device, so
  it gets damaged on scratches on it

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Fingerprint Recognition steps
Database
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FACE RECOGNITION

• Face recognition uses the visible physical
  structure of the face and analyses the spatial
  geometry of distinguishing features in it to
  identify an individual.
• ADVANTAGES
• Non intrusive, privacy cannot be invaded easily.
• Cheap technology.
• DISADVANTAGES
• 2D recognition is affected by changes in
  lighting, the persons hair, the age, and if
• the person wear glasses.
• It also depends on orientation/angle of users
  face with camera.
• Requires camera equipment for user
  identification thus, it is not likely to become
• popular until most PCs include good resolution
  cameras as standard equipment.
• Even the expressions on the face also affect the
  recognition process. For examplein Canada
  passport size photo with neutral face expression
  are accepted.

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Face recognition process
Extraction of face features
Input face image
Extraction of face image
Positive
Database
negative
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• IRIS SCAN
• The iris is the colored ring of textured tissue
  that surrounds the pupil of the eye.
• ADVANTAGES
• Very high accuracy.
• Verification time is generally less than 5
  seconds.
• The eye from a dead person would deteriorate too
  fast to be useful, so no extra precautions have
  to been taken with retinal scans to be sure the
  user is a living human being.
• DISADVANTAGES
• Intrusive.
• A lot of memory for the data to be stored.
• Very expensive.
• Difficult to use because of positioning eye.
• Requires more time for matching with database
  stored

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Iris Identification Steps
Input of face image
Recognition of iris pattern
Detection of eye regions
Put iris in focus
accept
Database
reject
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Signature Identification

• Signature identification is the analyses of the
  way a user signs his or her name.
• The process used by a biometric system to verify
  a signature is called dynamic signature
  verification (DSV).
• the angle at which the pen is held
• the number of times the pen is lifted,
• the time it takes to write the entire signature,
• the pressure exerted by the person while signing,
  
• the variations in the speed with which different
  parts of the signature are written.
• ADVANTAGES
• Unique for every individual and user himself
  can decide the identity.
• Lesser false acceptance rate.
• Relatively cheap technology.
• No expert training required

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• DISADVANTAGES
• Signature of a person may change after a long
  time, like if an user gone through an accident
  and he cannot use his hand and then he signs
  after a long time, his sign and pressure points
  may change.
• High false rejection rate.
• Pressure points may change because of weather or
  some disease.
• System can be fooled by imitating
•  

Profile
Database
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Palm Vein Technology

• In this technology ONES PALM is used as the
  PASSWORD for verification
• The veins present in the palm of the individual
  are scanned verified thus providing the access
• Palm vein authentication is one of the vascular
  pattern authentication technologies.
• Vascular pattern authentication includes vein
  pattern authentication using the vein patterns of
  the palm, back of the hand or fingers as personal
  identification data
• The palm vein authentication uses the vascular
  patterns of the palm as personal identification
  data

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• First the individual places his PALM on the
  sensor, thus the sensor takes the PALM VEIN
  IMAGE and compares it with the pre-registered
  one with the help of INFRA RED RAYS.
• If there is a match then access is allowed, if
  not access is denied.
• This system is not at all dangerous. A near
  infrared ray is a component of sunlight, whose
  effect is much less than walking in sunlight.

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REASONS FOR CONSIDERING THE PALM AREA FOR
IDENTIFICATION

• A palm has wide area and more complicated
  vascular pattern and contains some
  differentiating features for personal
  identification when compared with the patterns
  present in the back of the hand and the ventral
  side or dorsal side of the fingers.
• The palm normally has no hair and thus eliminates
  an obstacle to capturing the vein pattern and it
  is less susceptible to a change in skin color.
• For this purpose the contactless palm vein
  authentication device was launched by Fujitsu in
  Japan. This is also known as palm secure.

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REASONS FOR CONSIDERING THE PALM AREA FOR
IDENTIFICATION .

• In palm vein authentication we use sensing and
  matching technology.
• when near-infrared light passes, deoxygenated
  hemoglobin in the blood flowing through the
  veins absorbs near-infrared rays, causing it to
  be visible as black regions to the scanner.
• Arteries and capillaries, whose blood contains
  oxygenated hemoglobin,
• which does not absorb near-infrared light, are
  invisible to the sensor, hence VEINS are
  chosen

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SENSING TECHNOLOGY

• The sensing technology used for vein patterns is
  based on near-infrared ray spectroscopy (NIRS)
  and imaging
• Deoxygenated hemoglobin in vein vessels absorbs
  light having a wavelength of about 760 nm within
  near-infrared area (Fig. 1).
• When capturing a body using near-infrared rays
  only the blood vessel pattern containing the
  deoxidized hemoglobin is visible as a series of
  dark lines (Fig.2).
• The vein authentication device translates the
  black lines of the infrared ray image as the
  blood vessel pattern of the palm (Fig. 3), and
  then matches it with the previously registered
  blood vessel pattern of the individual.

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Fig2infrared ray image
Fig 3 Extracted vein pattern
Fig1 visible ray image
Blood vessel patterns are unique to every
individual. Even the vein patterns on each hand
are different.
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IMAGING METHODS

• There are two imaging methods used for veins
• 1.Reflection
• 2.Transmission.
• Reflection Method
• The reflection method illuminates the target
  part from the front In this method, an
  illumination device and a capturing device can be
  combined because the direction of illumination
  and capturing is the same.
• Transmission method
• The transmission method illuminates the
  target part from the back, the side or the
  surface around the target. but in this method,
  those devices must be used separately because the
  direction of illumination and capturing differs

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Matching
The palm vein pattern is extracted from
infrared-ray images as dark lines. This Matching
involves 1. Capture 2. Extraction of palm
vein pattern features 3. Storing of palm vein
pattern features

• 1. Capture
• Decide whether or not the user will hold
  his/her palm over the palm vein authentication
  sensor. If the palm is held, capture the
  infrared-ray image
• 2. Extraction of palm vein pattern features
• Extract the palm vein pattern from the
  captured infrared-ray image by image processing.
  Convert the palm vein pattern to palm vein
  feature data following the algorithm to determine
  the correspondence between the two palm vein
  patterns.
• 3. Storing of palm vein pattern features
• Store the palm vein feature data to storage,
  smart card or hard disk, depending on the
  application.

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How It Works

• Working of Palm Vein Systems
• We Rest our palm on Vein Scanner
• Palm Vein Scanner near Infra Red Rays
• Infra red rays will pass through veins
• Veins carry Deoxygenated Hemoglobin
• Deoxygenated blood absorbs Infra Red Rays
• Arteries and capillaries reflects infra red rays
• Vein patterns are captured for Authentication
• If Authorized, the requested Application gets
  Activated
• Extract the vein patterns from the infrared image
  and convert into vein pattern data.
• Now Compares it with database

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WORKING

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Step 1 Palm vein authentication technology
consists of a small Palm vein scanner that's
easy and natural to use, fast and Highly accurate
. Simply hold your palm a few centimeters Over
the scanner and within a second it reads your
unique vein pattern. A vein picture is taken and
palm pattern is registered.
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Step 2 The registered palm pattern is stored
into the database along with the personal details
of the client
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1. One should place his/her palm near to
scanner.
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• 2. The scanner makes use of a special
  characteristic of the reduced hemoglobin coursing
  through the palm veins it absorbs near-infrared
  light. This makes it possible to take a snapshot
  of what's beneath the outer skin, something very
  hard to read or steal.

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• 3. The integrated optical system in the palm vein
  sensor uses this phenomenon to generate an image
  of the palm vein pattern and the generated image
  is digitized, encrypted and finally stored as a
  registered template in the database.

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Data Flow
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Palm vein authentication
Sensor emits near infrared beam to the palm
Palm has to be positioned 3-8 cm over the sensor
Oxygen reduced blood within the veins absorbs the
near infrared light
The sensors wide angular near infrared camera
takes a raw image of the palm vein pattern
The sensors template library SW changes the raw
image into template data
The generated template can be stored in either a
database
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PALM VEIN PAATTERN VERIFICATION SYSTEM

• The thermal vein pattern verification system
  involves the following stages
• Image Acquisition
• Image enhancement
• Vein pattern segmentation
• Skeletonization
• Matching

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User Interface

• Contactless
• Non-invasive
• 2.18 seconds recognition speed

source
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How Secure is the Technology?How Secure is
the Technology?

• On the basis of testing the technology on more
  than 70,000 individuals, Fujitsu declared that
  the new system had a false rejection rate of
  0.01(i.e., only one out of 10,000 scans were
  incorrect denials for access).
• And a false acceptance rate of less than 0.00008
  (i.e., incorrect approval for access in one in
  over a millio scans).
• And if you registered your profile as a child,
  it'll still be recognized as you grow, as an
  individual's patterns of veins are established in
  utero
• No two people in the world share a palm vein
  pattern - even those of identical twins will
  differ.

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Overview of Biometrics
Technology -
Fingerprint Popular Cheapest Less Accurate
Voice Non invasive Least Accurate
Iris Retinal Very accurate Invasive Expensive Sensitive
Palm Vein Non-invasive Relatively Cheap Accurate Unfamiliar
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accuracy
Technology False Acceptance rate False Rejection Rate
Palm Secure .00008 .01
Fingerprint 1-2 3
Iris .0001 - .94 .99 - .2
Voice 2 10

• Vein patterns
• Distinctive and unique to individuals, even left
  and right hands.
• Difficult to steal or forge
• False acceptance rate
• A rate at which someone other than the actual
  person is falsely recognized.
• False rejection rate
• A rate at which the actual person is not
  recognized accurately.

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In comparison with others technology

• note Chart created using average of data
  provided by the Table

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Need Of It

• No more problems of forgotten passwords and id
  codes - biometrics is the technology taking care
  of it.
• Apart from other techniques like IRIS scan in
  which Cataract replacement, Finger scan during
  Injuries etc can be an disadvantage, this
  technique has no problems.

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ADVANTAGES

• Contactless, hygienic and non-invasive .
• It is difficult to forge for intruders because
  blood vessels are hidden within the body.
• This technology is non- intrusive It does not
  involve any physical contact between the user and
  the system .
• Vein patterns are unique to each individual even
  identical twins have different vein patterns .
• Palm vein technology has an FRR of 0.01 and FAR
  of less than 0.00008.this is based on the
  experiments conducted on 70,000 individuals in
  Japan. It is Highly accurate

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DISADVANTAGES

• There are numerous factors that can effect the
  quality of the captured image. They are body
  temperature, ambient temperature, humidity,
  unevenly distribution of heat, heat radiation,
  nearness of vein to surface, camera calibration
  and focus.
• Palm vein recognition is invasive because it
  creates fear among the users that it can be a
  painful process
• It is relatively expensive and not available for
  mass production yet.
• It is not applicable to people who lost their
  palms.

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APPLICATIONS

• Palm vein authentication is utilized in
  various Fields such as
• Security systems - Door lock and integrated
  building security systems
• Log-in control login into pcs or servers,
  network data access, etc.
• Healthcare - ID verification for medical
  equipment, electronic record management, etc.
• Financial services - ATM,Banks, vault access,
  etc.

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applications
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Practical Application

• ATM
• Palm vein pattern is captured by using the palm
  vein sensor on the ATM. The palm vein pattern is
  converted to palm vein features and transferred
  to the users smart card a
• The matching between the palm vein features
  stored on the smart card and those transferred
  from the sensor is executed on the smart card.
• The result is the output from the card.

• ATM MACHINES WITH
• PALM VEIN SENSOR UNIT

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Login authentication

• Palm vein authentication can be integrated into
  laptop PCs by USB .
• It is used to control access to
  electronically stored information.
• Because login authentication using palm vein
  authentication can also be used for
  authentication using conventional IDs and
  passwords

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Door security system

• The palm vein authentication access control unit
  can be used to control entry and exit into and
  out of rooms and buildings.
• This unit consists of operation and control
  sections. The operation section has a key pad,
  indicators , contactless smart card reader and
  palm vein sensor
• The control section has a processing unit for the
  authentication and stores palm vein features of
  enrollees
• This unit executes verification when a user input
  his or her ID

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• Palm vein pattern authentication technology
  developed by Fujitsu was being used in a wide
  range in japan .
• If this technology is introduced in our country
  we can solve many problems such as password
  protection in ATM
• security in various fields and if we implement
  this technology in government offices we can make
  the employees to work according the government
  timings
• surely this technology will bring a revolution
  in the field of science and technology in the
  near future.

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THANK YOU