Knowledge Utilization:

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Knowledge Utilization

• The Nursing Knowledge System

By Paul J Graham MA MLIS Research
Associate/Librarian Social Research
Unit Department of Sociology
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Agenda

• Background Information
• Knowledge Utilization and Policy Implementation
• KUPI at the University of Saskatchewan
• My role in the KUPI group
• Information Retrieval
• How do you find these resources?
• What examples are out there?
• Organization of Information
• Using bibliographic Software
• Using a Faceted Analysis
• Applying Research
• Nursing Knowledge System
• Whats happening here at the University?

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Background InformationA Knowledge Utilization
Project

• Knowledge Utilization and Policy Implementation
  (KUPI)
• Carole A. Estabrooks (PI), Rejean Landry, Harley
  Dickinson, Karen Golden-Biddle
• Funder CIHR
• The purpose of this research program is to
  develop theoretical foundations for knowledge
  utilization (KU) to enable relevant knowledge use
  by practitioners and decision-makers. It draws on
  four distinct disciplinary perspectives and
  applies multi-methods and multi-level analysis to
  existing datasets.
• The research questions addressed are
• How do the determinants of KU vary across levels
  of decision-making?
• How is KU accomplished in organizations?
• How does KU shape policy implementation?

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Background InformationKUPI at the University of
Saskatchewan

• Dr. Dickinson, Dept of Sociology, U of S
• Working with Knowledge System Framework to
• Develop a theory of KS Processes of Knowledge
  Production-Transfer-Use
• Research Team includes
• Liz Quinlan (CIHR PDF), William Boateng (PhD
  candidate), Kelly Chessie (PhD student), Cara
  Spence (MA Student), Aoub Alagasham (MA Student),
  Fleur McQueen-Smith (MA Students)

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Background InformationThe Wide and Savage Sea
in the Knowledge Society

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Information Retrieval The Facts about Knowledge
Utilization

• Terminological Tangle
• Transfer, Utilization, Translation,
  Dissemination, Distribution, Diffusion, Uptake,
  Bridging the gap, research utilization,
  implementation research, etc.
• Mode 2, Post Normal Science, Triple Helix
• Two Communities Metaphors Sticky Knowledge
  Communities of Practice Epistemic Culture
• Cross-disciplinary
• Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier
• Various Studies
• Organizational, Individual, Gender, Technological
  

The Literature is full of various terminology,
theories, and concepts.
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Information Retrieval Bibliometric Example of
Knowledge Utilization

• Estabrooks et al. (2004). Mapping the Field A
  Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Utilization
  Literature in Nursing
• Development of RU by Nurse Scholars
• Iowa Model of Research in Practice, Collaborative
  Research Model Ottawa Model of Research Use,
  Multidimensional Framework
• Top Journals
• Journal of Advanced Nursing, Nursing Standard,
  Journal of Nursing Administration, Nursing
  Clinics of North America
• Important Authors
• Cheryl Stetler, Jo Anne Horsley, Carole
  Estabrooks

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Information Retrieval Bibliometric Example of
Knowledge Utilization

• Important Findings
• Limited research transfer only 2 of the
  references in the clinical research utilization
  literature were references to research articles
• More than 60 of the references in articles are
  to research by nurses (Nurses citing Nurse
  Scholarship)
• 40 of references citing external sources . The
  scholarship is not completely insular.

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Information Retrieval Bibliometric Example of
Knowledge Utilization

• Meijers et al. (2006). Assessing the
  relationships between contextual factors and
  research utilization in Nursing
• Investigating Factors
• The aim of this study was to systematically
  review the literature on studies reporting a
  relationship between contextual factors and
  research utilization by nurses in clinical
  practice
• Contextual Factors included Time, Access to
  research, leadership, authority, culture,
  structure, support, incentives, skills,
  education, size of hospital, professionalism,
  communication, innovation champion
• Results
• No single study was assessed to be of high
  methodological quality
• Identified 10 study findings that had a
  statistically significant relationship with
  research utilization
• Role, Access, organizational climate,
  multifaceted support, time, Education

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Information Retrieval Bibliometric Example of
Knowledge Utilization

• Measures of Research Utilization, whose validity
  is clearly demonstrated, are needed. One
  approach to enhancing interpretation is to
  provide nurses with a clear definition of
  research utilization before they complete a
  survey
• More theory and research are needed to
  conceptualize and measure nursing context.
• Observational and intervention studies with less
  reliance on self-report would strengthen the
  evidence obtained from research in this field.
• The impact of research utilization on patient
  outcomes has to be assessed, as well as the
  sustainability of practice changes when
  implementing research findings.

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Information RetrievalNursing Students and
Research

• Ax, Susanne (2001). Nursing Students
  Perceptions of Research Usefulness,
  Implementation and Training
• Stresses the Research Component of Nursing in
  Britain
• Purpose of Study
• Investigate Nursing Student perceptions on the
  usefulness, implementation, interest
  surrounding research use
• Investigate Nursing training in structure and
  design of classes, reading materials, personal
  study and stress
• Methodology
• One to one Interviews of 13 Nursing Students
• Findings
• Improving Practice by testing assumptions of
  current practice
• Students voiced difficulties in making
  suggestions for change
• Feeling of a lack of understanding, a disconnect
  to application

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Information RetrievalNursing Students and
Research

• Few students indicated that they employed their
  research knowledge or skills in practice.
• Some students suggested that it was useful to
  know how to search the literature before going on
  a clinical placement
• Few were actually involved in a research project
  at the time of the interview.
• A separation of Scientific Research and
  Information Retrieval skills was not clear.
• Many Nursing students had complained about the
  early introduction of research into the
  curriculum. Some reported increased anxiety.

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Information Retrieval What is Important from
this Section?

• KU is a Widely Dispersed and Terminologically
  Diverse Field
• KU Bibliometric Studies can help you understand
  this field and the Challenges for Nursing
• Additionally, it is clear you have a role for
  being involved as Nurse Scholars publishing your
  works, being involved

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Organization of Information Why Should we Care?

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Organization of Information Bibliographic
Software

• Endnote
• Collecting and searching resources
• Organization of Resources
• User Friendly
• RefWorks
• Good for initially capturing resources to edit
  and review for a project
• Excellent for sharing knowledge across a team
  based work.

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Organization of Information RefWorks

• The Good
• Download results from Google Scholar
• Search, Browse and edit references
• Produce Bibliographies in various styles
• Share Information with a team working on the same
  project
• The Bad
• Hierarchies (a folder within a folder) are not
  possible
• Controls are not yet user friendly

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Organization of Information Finding RefWorks
Software
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Organization of Information Finding RefWorks
Software
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Organization of Information Login with your
NSID and Password
Use your NSID and Password
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Organization of Information Endnote
Organizational Strategy

• Use Reference Types to organize your references
• Compose your own classification system for
  information retrieval

Caution contents may cause you to be an
extremely organized person
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Organization of Information Typical Endnote File
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Organization of Information Typical Components
of the Reference
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Organization of Information Typical Components
of the Reference
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Organization of Information Bonus Features for
Organization
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Organization of Information Bonus Features for
Organization
Select Edit And Preferences
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Organization of Information EDIT REFERENCE TYPES
Your Preference options dialog box appears
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Organization of Information Modify REFERENCE
TYPES
Select Reference Types And Modify Reference
Types
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Organization of Information ADD YOUR CONTENT TO
REFERENCE TYPES
All of the Features for Journal appears for
you to edit as you like.
Use the Custom Fields to design your own
classification system.
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Notice the Custom Fields
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Notice that Ive typed in elements Important to
my Work!
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Notice the multiple resources that can
be organized
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Press the Apply button and youre ready to go!
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Youre classification now appears!
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Organization of Information YOUR Custom Fields
REFERENCE TYPES
Knowledge Utilization Structure
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Organization of Information Faceted Analysis

• Filing Term
• Knowledge Utilization-Health-Conceptual
• Knowledge Translation-Empirical
• Knowledge Transfer-Health-Empirical
• Keywords
• Nursing, Healthcare,
• CIHR Funded
• Yes or No

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Organization of Information What is Important
from this Section?

• Organization is necessary for your academic work
  and especially in Knowledge Utilization
• Using Bibliographic software is the most
  efficient way to organize your work
• You can use Bibliographic software to classify
  your work

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Research ApplicationNow What?!
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Research ApplicationKnowledge Systems

• Knowledge Systems Thinking
• Holzner and Marx, 1979
• Knowledge System represents the different, but
  sometimes overlapping, processes in society that
  involve knowledge production, organization,
  Transfer, Application and/or Implementation
• Von Bertalanffy, 1968
• Systems Theory involves an interconnectedness of
  processes, to do science is to have a knowledge
  system.

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Research ApplicationKnowledge System
Holzner Marx, 1979
Production
Management
Knowledge System
Implementation
Transfer
Utilization
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Research ApplicationKnowledge System

• Knowledge Management Strategy
• Hansen et al. (1999) Whats your Strategy for
  Managing Knowledge in Harvard Business Review
• Knowledge is divided up into Tacit (People to
  People) and Codified (Documents to People)
• For your organization to excel, you must
  selection one strategy over the other, either
  codified or tacit
• Your decision must be based on an 80/20 split
• Hansens framework for the study investigated
  helath organizations as well as business.

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Research ApplicationNursing Knowledge System
Application

• Dr. Liz Quinlan, Sociology Department
• With Hansens study in mind, a framework of
  codified vs. Tacit knowledge is considered for
  reinterpretation of a Nursing Survey.
• She reviewed the Knowledge Transfer and
  Utilization literature
• She found that
• Codified Knowledge strategy is the most effective
  in improving health outcomes

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Research ApplicationNursing Knowledge
Management Strategy
Key Component
Codified KM strategy (people to documents)
Patient health outcomes
Organizational support for Innovation
h1
h2
h4
h3
Nurses job satisfaction and sense of well-being
Personalized KM strategy (people to people)
h4
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Research ApplicationNursing Knowledge
Management Strategy
Exhaustion
Personalized KM Nurse-to-Nurse Nurse-to-Mgt Nur
se-to-Drs
Patient Outcomes
Innovation
Codified KM
Key Element
Job Satisfaction
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Research ApplicationWhat is important from this
Section?

• The Knowledge System concept
• Sees the current Knowledge Society in terms of
  the institutions, processes, and actors involved
  in the production, management, application and
  implementation of Knowledge
• Nurses in the Knowledge System
• Nurse Scholarship in different sections of the
  Knowledge System
• How do nurses
• Produce Knowledge
• Use Knowledge
• Share Knowledge
• Relationships with
• Other Nurses/Clinicians
• Interdisciplinary Teams

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Concluding ThoughtsWhat should you get out of
this talk?

• Information Retrieval
• Re-emphasized the need for quality information
  skills for finding KU resources as well as
  championing your own career.
• Organization of Information
• To be efficient, you must be organized embrace
  the new technologies.
• Make them relevant to you.
• Application of Research
• Think of yourself within a Knowledge System
• Consider the different System Strategies
• Imagine your role in the Knowledge System

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Thank you
What skills will you need in the Health Knowledge
system?
What will your role be in the Health Knowledge
system?
How can Knowledge Utilization assist you in your
life goals in the Health Knowledge System?