Environmental%20Issues%20and%20Energy%20--%20for%20sustainable%20development

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Environmental Issues and Energy-- for
sustainable development

• United Nations University
• Itaru YASUI

http//www.yasuienv.net/ ????????????????????????
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UNU Mission Roles

• "to contribute, through research and capacity
  building, to efforts to resolve the pressing
  global problems that are the concern of the
  United Nations, its Peoples and Member States"
• An international community of scholars
• A bridge between the United Nations and the
  international academic community
• A think-tank for the United Nations system
• A builder of capacities, particularly in
  developing countries

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ESD Programs

• UNUs Environment and sustainable Development
  (ESD) Programme focuses on the interactions
  between human activities and the natural
  environment, and their implications for
  sustainable human development.
• Based on an appraisal of current challenges and
  the targets set forth by the global community
  through the WSSD and Action Plan, etc., ESD has
  defined four broad thematic areas to concentrate
  future research as
• Sustainable Urbanization
• Management of Fragile Ecosystems
• Solutions to Water Crises
• Environmental Governance and Information
• Programme Development based on Holistic View of
  Environmental Transitions

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WSSD Plan of Implementation
in Johannesburg 2002

• Poverty eradication
• Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
  and production
• Protection and managing the natural resource base
  of economic and social development
• Sustainable development in a globalizing world
• Health and sustainable development

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Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production

• All countries should promote sustainable
  consumption and production patterns, with the
  developed countries taking the lead
• Encourage and promote the development of a 10
  -year framework of programmes.
• Develop production and consumption policies to
  improve the products and services provided, while
  reducing environmental and health impacts, using,
  where appropriate, science-based approaches, such
  as life-cycle analysis..

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Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
and production

• Enhance corporate environmental and social
  responsibility and accountability.
• Prevent and minimize waste and maximize reuse,
  recycling and use of environmentally friendly
  alternative materials.
• Promote an integrated approach to policy -making
  at the national, regional and local levels for
  transport services and systems
• Sound management of chemicals throughout their
  life cycle and of hazardous wastes..

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Definition of Sustainability

• Two Kinds of Definition
• Corporate Social Responsibility Type
• UN Brundtland Type

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Sustainability Triple Bottom Line
Start Point
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
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Transition from Non Sustainable to Sustainable
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Social Aspects
Economic Aspects
Environmental Aspects
Environmental Aspects
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Brundtland Type

• "Sustainable Development is Development that
  meets the needs of the present without
  compromising the ability of future generations to
  meet their own needs. It is not a fixed state of
  harmony, but rather a process of change in which
  the exploitation of resources, the direction of
  investments, the orientation of technological
  development, and institutional change are made
  consistent with future as well as present needs."
  (Brundtland Report 1987)

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Green Sustainability Different Views
Economic Aspects
Social Aspects
Resource Factor
Resource Consumption
Human Health
Overcome Poverty
Fairness Justice
Limitation of Earth
Ecological Impact
Case for Japan
Eco-System Factor
Human Equity
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Fossil Fuel to Renewable Energy

• Biomass
• Solar Heat Energy
• Solar Cells
• Wind
• Sea Wave
• Power Generation by Temperature Difference
• ??????????
• Geothermal

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UNU Activities for Energy

• Geothermal at UNU/GTP

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Key IssueIncrease Energy Efficiencies/Decoupli
ng
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Transformation of Environmental Issues

• Environmental Issues change very quickly in all
  countries and on the Earth
• What kind of Explanation for the Changes?
• Developed CountriesWhich Direction to move?
• Developing CountriesWhat is the interpretation?
  How is it possible to apply to own countries?

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Dioxin POPs
Environmental Problems and Time Constants in Japan
Air Pollution
EDC Problem
Depletion of Ozone Layer
Water Sea Pollution
Soil Sediment Pollution
Resource Energy Consumption
Global Warming
1970 2000
2050
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GDP per capita vs. SOx Concentration
Environmental Kuznets Curve after Prof. SIMON
KUZNETS
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CO2 Emission Efficiency to GDP
Germany
China
Malaysia
USA
UK
Japan
Cambodia
Switzerland
Data based on CO2 Emission in 1996 and
GDP/person in 1997
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CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita
Factors Temp. Size
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A Trend Model for Environment Load in Japan
Japanese Model
Now
Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission
Environment Load
Target
1970
Pollution, General
Economical Scale, such as GDP
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Total CO2 Emission(Global)
Now
JAPAN
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
2080
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
4
Material/Energy
Thematic Area
Carbon Dioxide
Quantity
3
Destructive Use Ecosystemstage 2
2
Destructive Use Ecosystemstage 1
Casualties by Natural Disaster
Damage By Pollution
1
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development

Thematic Area 1
Space Bio-Resource Resource/Energy Water Ecosystem
Human
Quantity
Stable Society Incentive/Effort Optimum Tech
Destructive Use Ecosystemstage 1
Education Information Capacity Building
1
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 2
Technology Legal Framework Social Stock
Resource Energy Water
Quantity
Education Information Technology
Transfer Capacity Building
2
Casualties by Natural Disaster
Damage By Pollution
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 3
Science Legal Framework Value Judgment
Quantity
Education Information
3
Destructive Use EcosystemStage 2
Energy
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
Thematic Area 4
4
Material/Energy
?
Life Style Foresight Intelligence Tax/Incentives H
igh Tech Craftsmanship Tradition
Carbon Dioxide
Quantity
Education Information
Development
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Decoupling and Stage of Development
4
Material/Energy
Thematic Area
Carbon Dioxide
Quantity
3
Destructive Use EcosystemStage 2
2
Destructive Use Ecosystemstage 1
Casualties by Natural Disaster
Damage By Pollution
1
Development
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GDP vs. Life Expectancy
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GDP vs. Life Expectancy
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Studies in the Future _at_UNU

• Keywords
• Environment and Development
• Dissemination Eco-Restructuring
• Risks and MFEC in Developing Countries
• Economics and MFEC in Developing and Developed
  Countries
• Risk Reduction Economic Growth
• Timeline Analysis

MFECMaterial Flow Energy Consumption
(including Stock or Infrastructures )
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A Scenario for Oil Production
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Newly Found and Production of Oil
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Long Term Trend of Oil Consumption
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CO2 Emission/person vs. log GDP/capita
World Ave.
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WSSD Plan of Implementation
in Johannesburg 2002

• Poverty eradication
• Changing unsustainable patterns of consumption
  and production
• Protection and managing the natural resource base
  of economic and social development
• Sustainable development in a globalizing world
• Health and sustainable development