Bacterial%20Vasculer%20Wilts

1
6- ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????
2
6-1 ??????? ??????? ????????? Bacterial
Vasculer Wilts

• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????
  ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????
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  ????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????
  Ceratocystis , Fusarium , Verticillium .
• ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???
  ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? . ?????
  ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??
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  ????????.

3

• ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????
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  ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????
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  ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????
  ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? .
• ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????
  ???? ??????? ????????? ????? . ????? ???? ??????
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  ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??
  ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? .

4
????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????

• ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? Polysaccharides ?? ??
  ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ???????
  ????? ?????? ????????? Pectinases ?????? ????????
  Cellulases ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????
  ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????
  ??????.
• ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
  ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ????? ???????
  ????? ???????? Phenoloxidas ?????? ????????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ??????? Melanoid substances ???? ???????
  ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? . ????
  ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ?? ??? ??????? Hyperplasia ?????????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? Tylosis ?????
  ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ??????

5

• ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ?????
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????????

• ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????
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  ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????
  ???????? .

6
???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????
??

• 6-1-1 ??? Corynebacterium ????? ????? ???? ??

????? ??????
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? Corynebacterium insidiosum
?????? ???????? ?? ????????? Corynebacterium flacumfaciens
????? ?????? ?? ??????? (???????) Corynebacterium sepedonicum
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? Corynebacterium michiganense
7
????? ???? Case Study

• ????? ?????? ?? ??????? Ring Rot of Potato
• Corynebacterium sepedonicum

• ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ????? . ??? ???? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????
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• ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??
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  ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? .

8

• ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????
  ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? (???-10)
  . ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ???
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  ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????
  ????? .

• ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????
  ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????
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  ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????
  ??????? ??????? .

9
??? 10 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????
10

• ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??
  ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ... ??? . ????? ????????? ??????
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  ????????? ?? ????? 20 ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????.
  ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
  ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? .
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  ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? .

• ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????
  ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ?????????????? glucopeptides .

11

• ????????

• ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ?? ??????? . ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??
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  ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ... ??? . ????
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  ??????? ?????? ????????????? . ??? ?????? ???????
  ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????
  ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? .

12

• 6-1-2 ??? Erwinia ????? ????? ???? ??

????? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ?? Stewarts wilt Erwinia stewartii
?????? ???????? ?? ???????? Erwinia tracheiphila
13

• ????? ???? Case Study

?????? ??????? ?? ???????? Bacterial Wilt Of
Cucubits Erwinia tracheiphila

• ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
  Pumpkin ?? ??????? (?????? ??????) Muskmelon ???
  ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? .

• ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????
  ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???
  ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 95 ?? ??????? ??
  ????? .

14

• ??????????

• ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???
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  ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??
  ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????
  ????? ?? ????????? ????????? (???-11) . ????? ???
  ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??
  ?????. ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????
  ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? . ???????
  ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????
  .

15
??? 11 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????
(A) ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? (B)

• ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???
  ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????
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  ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????
  ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  . ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ????? .

16

• ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????
  ????? ???????? ?????? . ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????
  ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? Acalymma
  vittata ??????? ?????? ??????? Diabrotice
  undecimpunctata ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????
  ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? .

• ????????

????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????
???????? ??????? ??? (sevin) ?? Carbory ??
Methoxyehlor ?? Rotenone ?????? ???????? ???????
??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? .
???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? .
?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????
. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??
????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? .
17

• 6-1-3 ??? Pseudomonas ????? ????? ???? ??

????? ??????
?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ???? Moko ?? ????? Pseudomonas (Ralostonia) solanacearum
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? Pseudomonas earyophylli
18

• ????? ???? Case Study

?????? ???????? Bacterial Wilt Pseudomonas
(Ralostonia) solanacearum

• ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????
  Granville wilt ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????
  ??? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? Slime disease ??
  ???? ???????? ???? Kuromushi ?? Lchobyo ??
  ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? Moko Disease
  ?????? ????? Brown Rot ????? ???? ??????? .

• ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
  ??????????? . ????????? ????????? Agrobacterium
  tumefaciens ??? ??? ????????? Pseudomonas
  (Ralostonia) solanacearum ?? ???? ??????????
  ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??
  197 ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 33 ????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????
  ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???
  ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? .

19

• ?????? ????? Nicotiane ???? ??????? ???? ????
  ?????? . ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
  ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??
  ???? ?? ??????? . ??? ????? ???????? ??????
  ??????? ?????? . ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? .

??? 12 ????? ??????? ??????? ????????
20
???????????

• ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????
  ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????
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  ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????.
• ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????
  ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????
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  ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????

21
????????

• ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??
  ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? . ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? 10 ?? ???
  ???? ??? ?? ???????. ??? ???????? ????????
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  ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???. ??? ???? ??????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????
  ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????
  ????????? .

22
6-1-4 ??? Xanthomonas ????? ????? ???? ??
????? ??????
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? Xanthomonas campestris
?????? ?? ??? ????? Xanthomonas vascularum
23

• ????? ???? Case Study

• ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????
• Black Rot Or Black Vein Of Crucifers
• Xanthomonas campestris

• ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????
  ???????? . ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???????
  ??????? . ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??
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  ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????????
  ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????
  ???. ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? .

24

• ???????????

• ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???
  ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? V ??????? ?? ?????
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  .. ??? . ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????
  ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
  ????? (???-13) .

25
??? 13 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
?????? ?? ?????????
26
????????

• ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??
  ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? 2 ??3
  ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? . ??
  ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (50 ? ? ???? ???
  ????) ?? ?????? ????????? .

27
6-2 ???????? ???????? ?????????

• ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????
  ??????? .
• ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????
  ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? .
• ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????
  ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???
  ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? .
• ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???
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  ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????
  ??? ??? ????? .

28

• ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???
  ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??
  ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???????
  ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
• ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??
  ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???
  ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? . ???? ???? ?????
  ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????..
  ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? Pseudomonas ?
  Xanteomonas ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????
  ??????? ???? Pseudomonas, Erwinia

29
??? 14 ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????
???????? ?????????
30

• ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????
  ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ??
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  ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????
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  ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???
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  ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??
  ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????
  ??? ????? ??????? ..

• ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? (???????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????) ??????
  ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????????
  ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???
  ??????????? ????????????? . ??? ??????? ???????
  ???? ????? ????????? ??????? .

31
???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????
??
6-2-1 ??? Erwinia ????? ????? ???? ??
????? ?????
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? Fire Blight Of Pome Fruits Erwinia amylovora
?????? ????????? ?? ???????? (??????????) Bacterial Blight Of Chrysanthemum Erwinia carotovora var chrysanthemi
32
????? ???? Case Study
6-2-1-1 ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? Fire
Blight
?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?

• ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? Erwinia
  amylovora ???? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? . ?????
  ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? .

33
?? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?

• ??? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????
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  ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ?????
  ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????
  ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? ?????? .

?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?

• ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????
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  ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ??????
  ??????? .

34
??? 15 ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
35
??? 16 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????
36
?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?

• ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???
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  ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????
  ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? .

??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?

• ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????
  ????????? " ?????? ??? ??????? ??

37
????? ???????????????
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??????? .
? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
??????? "???? ?????? .
? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
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????? .
? ? ????? ??????? ?????
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???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????
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? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????
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??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???
????? .
38
?- ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
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??????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ???????) ???
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?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????.
??????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? (????????? ?? ?????
?????) .
? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????
????? ????????? .
39
? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ????
??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????
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????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????
???? ?????? ??????? .
??????????????? ??????? ???????
???????????????? 4?2 ?? 6?2
?????????????????? 13?0 ?? 33?0
???????????????? 35?1 ?? 85?1
????????????????? 30?1 ?? 00?2
??????????????? 35?0 ?? 50?0
??????????????? 35 ?? 50 ???/ ?????
????????????????? 35 ?? 50 ???/ ?????
???????????????? 7 ?? 12 ??? / ?????
???????????????? 50 ?? 150 ??? / ?????
???????????????? 50 ????? ??? / ?????
40
?- ???????? ????????
? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????
??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????
?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????
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? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????
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??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???
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?????? ????????? .
41
? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
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? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????
??????? .
? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????
???????? ?? ???? ?????
42
?????? ??????
? ?????? ????????? "???????? ?????????" ???? ??
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???????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
???? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? .
43
?????? ?????? ???????
?- ????????????????
?? ????? ????????? "???????? ?????????" ???
????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? (?????
?? ????? -??????? ??????? ?? ???????) .
?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
?????? ??? 24 ? 29? ? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??
??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 4 ? 32 ? ? .
?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? 25 ? ? ?? ????
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???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? .
44
- ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????
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? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????
????? 70 ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???
?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? .
45
? ? ?????????????
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????????) .

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46
?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
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30?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????
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• ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????
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52
???? ?????? ???????? ?????????

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  ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
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  ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? .

53
?????? ???????? ?????????
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????????) ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????
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- ??????? ?????????? ?????? 50 ? 100 ??? ??
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54
?????????? ????????
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?? 8 8 1001 ??? ????? ?? 1 ? 2 ???? ??
????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????
???????? ??? 100 ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????
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???????) .
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55
?- ??? ???????
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???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????
???????? . ?????? ???? ????? ???????? 62 100
?? 3 3 100 ????? ???? ??????? .
56
?- ??? ?? ??? ???????
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?????? ?????? ???? ?? 7 ?21 ??? ???????? ??? ????
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??????? ?????? .
57
? - ?????? ??????? ???????
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???? ???? ??? ????? .
58
????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????
59
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????
1 ? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
??? ????? ???????? .
2 ? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??????? ???????? .
3 ? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? .
4 ? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????
???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????
?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? 800 ? ???
????? ??? ??????? .
5 ? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????
???? ????? .
6? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? 45 ?
60 ?? ???? ??????? ??????? .
7 ? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? 10
????? 2 ? 3 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????
60
?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????

1 ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? .
2 ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????
??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??
??????? ???????? (???????? ? ?????? ? ????????) .
3 ? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? .
4 ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? .
61
?????? ???????? ?? ????????
1 ? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????
???? .
2 ? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??
??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ( 5?3 ??? ???????
???? 5?3 ??? ??? ?? 100 ????? ???) ??????
???? 1 ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????
???? 6 ??????? .
3 ? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? 5 ? 50
????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????
????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? .
4 ? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????
???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????
???? .
62
6-2-2 ??? Pseudomonas ????? ????? ???? ??
????? ?????
?????? ????? ????? (??????) Wildfire Pseudomonas tabaci
?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? Angular Leaf Spot or Blackfire Of Tobacco Pseudomonas angulata
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Agular Leaf Spot Of Cucumber Pseudomonas angulata
?????? ??????? ?? ????????? Halo Bligt Of Beans Pseudomonas phaseolicola
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? Halo Bligt Of Oats Pseudomonas cronafaciens
?????? ????????? ?? ???????? Bacterial Blight Of Peas Pseudomonas pisi
63
6-2-2 ??? Pseudomonas ????? ????? ???? ??
?????? ??????? ?? ????????? (??????) Black Spot Of Delphinium Pseudomonas delphinil
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? Bacterial Leaf Spot Of Carnation Pseudomonas woodsii
?????? ???????? ?? ???????? Bacterial Leaf Spot Of Gardinia Pseudomonas gardeniae
?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? Bacterial Leaf Spot Of Soybean Pseudomonas glycinae
?????? ????????? ?? ?????? Bacterial Leaf Spot Of Lilac Pseudomonas syringae
64
6-2-2-1 ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? Bacterial
Blight of Soybean Pseudomonas glycinea

• ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
  Pseudomonas syringae ????? ?????? ????????? ????
  ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???
  ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????
  ??? ???? ???? ????? . ????? ??? ???????? ?????
  ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????. ?? ?????
  ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? . ????? ?????????
  ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???
  ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? .

65

• ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??
  ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????
  ??????

??? 17 ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????
66
6-2-2-2 ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Angular Leaf
Spot of Cucumber Pseudomonas lachrymans

• ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
  Pseudomonas syringae ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??
  ??????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ??????? . ???? ??????? ????? ??????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
  ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? . ?? ???? ????? ????
  ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????
  ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? .

• ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???
  ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
  ??? ??????? (???-18) . ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ???????
  ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????
  ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? .

67

• ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????
  ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????
  ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? .

??? 18 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????
68
????????

• ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????????
  ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?
  ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? .

69

6-2-3 ??? Xanthomonas ????? ????? ???? ??
????? ?????
?????? ??????? ?? ????????? Common Blight Of Beans Xanthomonas phaseoli
???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? Bacterial Pustule Of Soybean Xanthomonas phaseoli var. sojensis
?????? ?????? ?? ????? Angular Leaf Spot Of Cotton Xanthomonas malvasearum
???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? Bacterial Leaf Blight Of Rice Xanthomonas oryzea
?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? Bacterial Spot Of Stone Fruits Xanthomonas pruni
?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? Bacterial Spot Of Tomato And Pepper Xanthomonas vesicatoria
70
6-2-3 ??? Xanthomonas ????? ????? ???? ??
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? Red Stripe And Top Rot Of Sugarcan Xanthomonas rubrilineans
?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? Begonia Leaf Spot Xanthomonas bogoniae
???? ??????? ?? ??????????? Leaf Blight Of Gladiolus Xanthomonas gummisudans
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? Geranium Leaf Spot And Stem Rot Xanthomonas plargonii
???? ????? Walnut Blight Xanthomonas juglandis
71
6-2-3-1 ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????
Bacterial Blight of Bean Xanthomonas phaseoli

• ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??????
  ??????? Common Blight ??????? ?????????
  Xanthomonas phaseoli ??????? ??????? Halo Blight
  ??????? ????????? Pseudomonas phaseolicola
  ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????
  Pseudomonas syringae ????? ??????? ?? ??????
  ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? .
  ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????. ?????
  ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

72

• ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???
  ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ???????? ??
  ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????
  ??? ?????? . ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? . ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????? ????? 10 ?? ??? ????? ???????
  ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? .

??? 19 ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????
73

• ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? .

• ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????
  ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????
  ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? .

• ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????
  ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ????? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? . ????? ???
  ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????
  ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? (????? ????? ???????)
  . ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????????
  ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? Girdle
  Stem ?? ????? ?????? Joint Rot.

74

• ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????
  ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???
  ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????. ??? ?????
  ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
  ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????
  ??????? .

• ???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
  ???????? ???????. ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???
  ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??
  ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ??? ????? ???????? . ??? ???? ?????? ?????
  ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? .. ???? ????
  ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??
  ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????????
  ?????? ??????? .

????????

• ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
  ????? ?? ???????... ?????? ???? ?????? ??????...
  ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? .

75
6-2-3-2 ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????
Bacterial Pustule of Soybean Xanthomonas
phaseoli var sojensis

• ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????
  ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????
  ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? . ????? ???
  ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????? . ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????
  . ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???
  ???????? . ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????
  ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ???? ???? ???????

??? 20 ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????
76
6-2-3-3 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? Angular Leaf Spot
of Cotton Xanthomonas malvacerum

• ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??
  ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????
  ??????? . ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????
  . ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???
  ??? ????? ?????? ?????? Black Arm . ?? ???
  ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????
  ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ???
  ?????? (?????) ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
  (???21) .. ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? .

77
????????

• ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ???? ???? ???. ????? ???? ?????? ??????.
  ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????
  ?????? ????????? ??????? .

??? 21 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????
78
6-2-3-4 ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??
????????? ???????? Bacterial Blight or Stripe of
Cereals and Grasses Xanthomonas translucens

• ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????.
  ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
  ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???
  ????? (???-22) ????? ?????? ?? ?????????
  ????????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????
  ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????
  ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????
  ???????? ????? ????? (????) . ????? ????? ??????
  ??? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? .
  ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????
  ??? ????? ?????? .

79
????????

• ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????
  ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
  ???????? .

??? 22 ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??
?????????
80
6-2-3-5 ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????
Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes and Pepper
Xanthomonas vesicatoria

• ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???
  ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? . ?????
  ????? ????? ??? ?????? . ????? ??????? ???
  ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????? 3 ?? .
  ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? .
  ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????
  . ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? . ??? ??? ??????
  ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
  ?????? ????? ?????

• ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? 3 ? 6 ??
  ????? . ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????
  ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????
  ?????? .

81

• ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????
  ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?
  ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????
  ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??
  ???? ??????

• ????????

• ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ????? . ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???
  ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????

??? 23 ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
82
6-2-3-6 ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????
??????? Fruits Bacterial Spot of Stone
Xanthomonas pruni

• ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? . ????? ????? ?????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? . ???
  ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???

• ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ??
  ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????
  (???-24) .

• ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? . ???? ???
  ????? ?? ??????? (1 ? 5 ?? ?????) ????? ??? ?????
  ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ??
  ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????
  ????? ????? ??????.

83

• ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??
  ????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? . ?????
  ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????
  ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????
  ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? .

??? 24 ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
??? ?????? ???????
84

• ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ? ???
  ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???
  ????? .

• ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? . ?? ?????? ????
  ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ??????? . ???? ????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????
  ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? .

• ????????

• ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ???
  ???? ??????????? ??? ???? .

85
6-3 ???????? ????????? Bacterial galls

• ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????
  ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??
  ????? Agrobacterium ? Corynebacterium ?
  Pseudomonas ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??
  ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
  ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? Agrobacterium ?
  Corynebacterium ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? Teratoma (?????? ????
  ???? ???? ?????? ?????) ????? ??????? ???? ??????
  ????????? Agrobacterium tumefaciens ??? ??????
  ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????
  Corynebacterium fascians ????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????
  .

86

• ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????
  ??

• 6-3-1??? Agrobacterium ????? ????? ???? ??

????? ?????
?????? ?????? Grown gall ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? Agrobacterium tumefaciens
??? Cane gall ?????? Raspberries ? Blackberries Agrobacterium rubi
??? ?????? ??????? Hairy roots ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? . rhizogenes Agrobacterium
87

• ????? ???? Case Study

6-3-1-1 ?????? ?????? Crown Gall Agrobacterium
tumefaciens

• ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????
  ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? .

??? 25 ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??
???????? Agrobacterium tumefaciens
88

• ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???
  ??????? ?? ????? ????????? . ???? ????????
  ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ??????
  ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????????
  ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ??
  ????? Schell ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????
  ???? DNA ???? ???? Extra DNA ?? ???? ?????
  ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? Plasmild
  DNA ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????
  ????????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
  ??? ???? ?? Plasmild DNA ??????? ?????? ???????
  ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ????????? ????? . ????? ????? ???? ???? ??
  ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? . ???? ???? ?????
  ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????
  ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????
  ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? (???-25) .

89

• ???????

• ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
  ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????
  ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????
  ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? . ????
  ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????
  ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????
  ??? ??? ?? ?? . ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??
  ??????? Callus ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
  ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? . ??
  ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????
  ????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ????????
  ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????
  ???????? (??? -26) .

90
??? 26 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
91

• ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ??
  ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? .
  ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????
  ????? ?? ????? ????? . ???? ??????? ?????????
  ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???
  ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? 150 ?? ??? ???
  ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????
  ???????? ??????? . ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????
  ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????
  ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? .

• ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????
  ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????
  ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? Plasmid DNA ????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ??? RNA ?????? . ?????? ?????
  ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??
  ???? .

92

• ???? ?????

• ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? . ???? ?????
  ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ... ??? .

• ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????
  ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ????? . ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????
  ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? (?????? ??? ???
  ??? ?????). ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???
  ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1??? ???? ????? ?????
  ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???
  10? 14 ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??????? (???-27) .

93

• ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??
  ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??? ??????? ????
  ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 20? 30 ??
  ?????? ??????? .

• ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????
  ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????
  ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
  ????????? ??????? ???????? . ???? ???????? ????
  ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???
  ????? ?? ?????? . ?????? ????? ??? ???????
  ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???
  ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? .

• ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????
  ??? ??? ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? .

94

• ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???
  ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? . ???
  ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????.
  ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????
  ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? . ??????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????
  ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? .
  ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??
  ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????
  ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????
  ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??
  ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???????? . ??? ?? ???
  ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????
  ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
  ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ??
  ??????? ?????? ?? ????? .

95
??? 27 ???? ???? ???????? Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
96

• ????????

• ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???
  ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????
  ?????????? . ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????
  ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? . ??? ???
  ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? . ???? ??? ?????? ???
  ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??
  ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? . ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??
  ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? 5 ??? ???
  ??????? ??? ????? (?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????)
  .

• ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????
  ??????? ??? 84 ?? ????????? Agrobacterium
  radiobacter ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????
  ???? Bacteriocin ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????
  tumefaciens Agrobacterium ???? ???? ??????
  ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????
  ????? ????? .

97
6-3-2 ??? Corynebacterium ????? ????? ???? ??
????? ?????
??? ?????? ?????? Leafy gall ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? Corynebacterium fascians

• 6-3-3 ??? Pseudomonas ????? ????? ???? ??

????? ?????
??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? Pseudomonas savastanci
??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? Pseudomonas savastanoi f. sp. nerii Pseudomonas tonelliana
98
????? ???? Case Study
6-3-3-1 ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? Olive knot
disease Pseudomonas savastanoi

• ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
  Pseudomonas syringae ????? ??? ????? ?????
  ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? .

• ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 2? 3 ?????
  ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????
  ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? (???-28) . ?????
  ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???
  ?????????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? .

99

• ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????
  ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????? .
  ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??
  ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
  ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? . ??? ????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???
  ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????
  ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? .

??? 28 ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????
(A) ??? ?????? ??????? (B) ??? ?????? ??????
100

• ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????
  ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????
  ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
  ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????
  ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????
  ???? ????????? .

• ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
  ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? .

• ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ?? ??????? .

• ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? 25? 30 ???? ????? ??????
  ????? 80 ? 100 .

????????

• ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????
  .

• ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? 3 ? 4 ???? .

101
6-4 ????? ???????? Bacterial scabs

• ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????
  ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
  ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? .

• ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??
  ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????
  ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???????
  ????? ????? ????? .

• ???? ??????? ?