Dr.%20Sunil%20Dutt

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Task Analysis

• Dr. Sunil Dutt
• Professor, Education
• National Institute of Technical Teachers Training
  Research, Chandigarh

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Task Analysis

• Process of breaking down, or analyzing a task
  into smaller and more detailed constituent units
  and of then sequencing these units of analysis in
  an order of priority based on their importance in
  the learning.
• Analysis and synthesis

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Approaches to Task Analysis

1. Task decomposition - splitting task into
   (ordered) subtasks
2. Knowledge based techniques - what the user knows
   about the task and how knowledge is organized
3. Entity-relation based analysis - relationships
   between objects and actions in the task

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What is Task Analysis?

• Methods of analysing people's jobs
• what people do
• what things they work with
• what they must know

• In order to clean the house
• get the vacuum cleaner out
• fix the appropriate attachments
• clean the rooms
• when the dust bag gets full, empty it
• put the vacuum cleaner and tools away
• must know about
• vacuum cleaners, their attachments, dust bags,
  cupboards, rooms etc.

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Generating the hierarchy ? get list of tasks ?
group tasks into higher level tasks ?
decompose lowest level tasks further

• Knowing what they do,
• how they do it,
• why they do it
• A task analysis is an intensive examination of
  how people perform work activities.
• Tasks A discrete unit of work performed by an
  individual, it has a beginning and an ending.
• Subtasks the smallest step into which a work
  activity can be divided.
• Elements a step within a step separate
  time-motions
• Task listing A list of actions done in work.

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Task Job, Topic or Skill
Level 1
Level 2
Process of Analysis
Level 3
Level 4
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Topic Human Body
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
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How many levels?
How long is a piece of string?
Analyze until your task or job operations are
covered completely
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Task Analysis - A step by step process
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Principles of Task Analysis

• Task analysis is accomplished by making
  succeeding Levels of Analysis
• Each level of Analysis produces its own Units of
  Analysis
• Each succeeding Level of Analysis is more
  detailed than the one before it from which it
  derives
• Each Level of Analysis and associated Units of
  Analysis follow logically and progressively from
  those which precede them

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• When considering a task analysis you can ask
  yourself initially
• What duties does doing this job entail?
• What tasks are performed in each duty?
• What are the elements of each task?
• What are the acts (actions) which go to make up
  each element?

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Types of Task Analysis

• Topic Analysis
• A detailed analysis of intellectual tasks, e.g.
  Ohms law, solving equations, etc.
• Job Analysis
• A detailed analysis of tasks involving physical/
  psychomotor skills
• Concentrates on WHAT is done when task is carried
  out, e.g. setting up a lathe, loading a film in a
  camera
• Skill Analysis
• - Further analysis of psychomotor tasks, but
  concentrating on HOW the job is accomplished
• - Complex, intricate and subtle hand-eye
  coordination

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• Task analysis involves following activities
• Identify the tasks to be analyzed.
• Break these tasks down into between 4 and 8
  subtasks. (subtasks to be specified in terms of
  objectives and, between them, should cover the
  whole area of interest.)
• Draw the subtasks as a layered diagram ensuring
  that it is complete.
• Decide upon the level of detail into which to
  decompose. Making a conscious decision at this
  stage will ensure that all the subtask
  decompositions are treated consistently.
• Continue the decomposition process, ensuring that
  the decompositions and numbering are consistent.
• Present the analysis to someone else who has not
  been involved in the decomposition but who knows
  the tasks well enough to check for consistency.

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Sources of information
Observations, interviews, questionnaires, work
diaries, film/CCTV, job checklists and activity
lists
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Job of an Engine Mechanic
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Solving Networks By Kirchoffs Laws
First Law
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Job Collection of Soil sample by auger boring
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Training Skills
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DC MOTORS
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Job Wiring a Plug
Duties
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Topic Solving Mathematical problems by using
Logarithm Tables
1.1 Finding the characteristics Mantissa of two
numbers
1.2 Adding the logarithms together
1.3 Antilogging the sum
1.4 Fixing the decimal Point
1.5 Connecting answer to appropriate number of
significant figures
1.1.1 Locating first 2 significant figures of
each Number in left-hand column of log.
table
1.1.2 Locating third figure of each number in
appropriate middle columns headed 0
9, and
1.1.3 Locating fourth figure in add column headed
0 9 on right-hand side of page
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Rules of Sequence in arranging task elements

• Proceed from Known to Unknown
• Proceed from Simple to Difficult
• Proceed from Concrete to Abstract
• Proceed from Observation to Reasoning
• Follow correct chronological order

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• Benefits of Task Analysis
• Helping you design your lesson
• Making sure that you have received all that the
  learners need to know
• Making sure that all of the fundamental parts of
  the job, topic or skill are covered
• Giving a basis for setting test questions and
  test procedures where skills are involved
• Helping you formulate objectives

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Thank You