Volcanic Landforms

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Volcanic Landforms
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Landforms From Lava and Ash

• Rock and other materials formed from lava create
  a variety of landforms including shield
  volcanoes, composite volcanoes, cinder cone
  volcanoes, and lava plateaus.

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Shield Volcanoes

• A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of
  lava and formed by quiet eruptions.
• Shield volcanoes rising from a hot spot on the
  ocean floor created the Hawaiian Islands.

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Cinder Cone Volcanoes

• A steep cone shaped hill or mountain.
• Cinder cone volcanoes occur from pile up of
  cinders, bombs, and ash from an explosive volcano.

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Composite Volcano

• Tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of
  lava alternate with layers of ash.
• Examples Mt. Saint Helens, Mt. Fuji

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Lava Plateau

• High level areas formed from lava
• Example Columbia Plateau
• Caldera
• A huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic
  mountain.
• The hole is filled with the pieces of the volcano
  that have fallen inward as well as some lava and
  ash.

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Soils from lava and ash

• Soils made from volcanic ash is some of the
  richest soil in the world.
• Volcanic ash breaks down and releases potassium,
  phosphorus, and other materials that plants need.
• People settle near volcanoes to take advantage of
  the fertile soil.

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Landforms from Magma

• Features formed from magma include volcanic
  necks, dikes, and sills, as well as batholiths
  and dome mountains.
• Volcanic necks, dikes, and sills
• A neck forms when magma hardens in a volcanoes
  pipe.
• Magma that forces itself across rock layers
  hardens into a dike.

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• When magma squeezes between layers of rock it is
  called a sill.
• Batholiths
• A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma
  cools inside the crust.
• Dome Mountains
• Forms when rising magma is blocked by horizontal
  layers of rock. The magma forces the layers of
  rock to bend upward into a dome shape