Evolving Technology for Electronic Printing and Publishing

1
Evolving Technology for Electronic Printing and
Publishing

• Richard Marisa
• Cornell University
• rjm2_at_cornell.edu

2
Outline

• EPP Challenges in a period of rapid innovation
• Solutions in place
• Emerging Technology

3
ChallengeStudent Printing in Public Labs

• Authentication
• Authorization
• Page Description Languages
• Transport
• Billing

4
ChallengePrinting Finished Documents

• character is often different from casual
  document
• on demand vs. in bulk
• multiple printshops local, special, remote
• multiple page description languages
• push vs. pull printing

5
ChallengeDigital Archives

• pull printing
• implementing terms/conditions
• naming document components
• combining multiple document sources

6
Student Printing / Public LabsCornells
Net-Print

• replacement for VendaCards
• now ca. 7,000 users
• ca. 1,400,000 paid pages per year
• peaking over 13,000 pages/day
• average document length lt 3 pp
• expected to double volume in 1998-99

7
Net-Print Technology

• workstations native print mechanisms
• authentication Kerberos
• authorization SQL database
• page description language Postscript
• transport LPD
• job ticket LPD

8
Page description language (PDL) Postscript

• now common technology
• legacy problems old printers
• new features cause incompatibilities color
  spaces
• hard to do easy things page counting
• Postscript version 3 PDF, prepress, pull
  printing, web page for drivers, management

9
PDL issue repurposing

• Simple problem duplexing
• create a document
• put ltlt /Duplex true gtgt setpagedevicein the
  postscript
• publish the postscript
• print again simplex (how?)

10
PDL PDF

• open standard published by Adobe
• integrates with web browser via free reader
  plug-in
• complicated (or expensive) methods to use
  advanced features
• similar repurposing problemsPDFmarks, fonts
• forms, byteserving, spot rendering

11
Net-Print Transport LPD

• out of Berkley Unix
• long lived, widely used
• TCP based, described in RFC1179(1990)
• one file per job, simple job ticket
• originally line printer model, plus other formats
  (PS, CIF, nroff)
• customized/updated by vendors and users

12
Net-Print Challenges

• Large documents on the web in many formats
  (PDLs) HTML, PDF, Word, ...
• Increasing use of electronic reserves
• Faculty placing course material on the web in
  lieu of creating course-paks
• Workstations need utilities for pull/push
  printing
• Large jobs need to be routed to appropriate
  printers

13
Transport CUPID

• Consortium for University Printing and
  Information Distribution
• Delivery of high quality printing services to
  remote users
• Architecture proposal (1992)
• Successive prototype implementations

14
CUPIDFeatures and benefits

• a core suite of protocols and network services
• enables a broad range of application specific
  services
• supports a range of document sources
• supports a range of printers desktop to advanced
  function networked printers

15
CUPIDApplications

• print on demand from a digital library
• MOA, J-STOR
• local printing of custom textbooks
• local editions of news reports, business
  briefings, product reviews

16
CUPIDCapabilities

• manage complexity
• ability to query capabilities, price
• mitigates software distribution
• process multiple PDLs
• finishing options
• print preview (print to archive)
• security, transactions, etc.

17
CUPIDA 3-layer architecture

• publishers client (user / gui / application)
• originating server (middleware) mediates
  end-to-end transactions
• printshop client

18
EZ-Publish

• pre-web printing to Docutech
• interface, documents and devices all broke
• re-implementation in CUPID EZ-Publish II
• Printing to local printers, on-demand printers,
  digital printshop, off-campus

19
Internet Printing Protocol

• The Printer Working Group (or PWG) is an
  unincorporated alliance among printer
  manufacturers, print server developers, operating
  system providers and print management application
  developers chartered to make printers and the
  applications and operating systems supporting
  them work together better.

20
Internet Printing Protocol

• Focus is to develop requirements and describe a
  model and semantics for Internet Printing, and
  ultimately define a new application level
  Internet Printing Protocol.
• IPP 1.0 protocol submitted as Internet Draft to
  IETF in January, 1998

21
IPP

• Client / Server protocol
• Transport HTTP
• PDL several
• Ticket binary format, content specification
• Struggling with notification, local printer
  protocol, universal print drivers

22
Job Ticket LPD

• Hcupid.cit.cornell.edu
• Proot
• Jjobname
• Ccupid.cit.cornell.edu
• Lroot
• fdfA059cupid.cit.cornell.edu
• UdfA059cupid.cit.cornell.edu
• Nfilename.txt

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Job Ticket Soleil

• XRXbegin 003.0132
• XRXdisposition PRINT
• XRXprinterName classq
• XRXdeleteSource True
• XRXPDLformat TIFF
• XRXrequirements duplex
• XRXdocumentPaperColors dt8
• XRXpaperType-size 216 279
• XRXcopyCount 1
• XRXtitle Painleve - Math Library
• XRXaccount L70-3700
• XRXjobStartMessage No message supplied
• XRXmessage Raj - 115 White Hall
• XRXsenderName jps21
• XRXxImageShift -5
• XRXsourceFile UNIX/var/spool/xerox/netqreq/CUPI
  D895684211/cu1.0001

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Job Ticket CUPID

• opspecs gt
  Creator gt 'jps21',
  
  'Number of Copies' gt 1,
  
  Service gt 'Docutech',
  
  NetID gt 'jps21',
  'Account Number' gt
  xxxxxxxx',
  'Paper Color' gt
  'dt8',
  'Document Sequence' gt 1,
  
  Plex gt 'Duplex',
  
  'X Image Shift' gt -5,
  'Banner
  Message' gt 'Raj - 115 White Hall',
  
  'Job Name' gt 'Painleve - Math Library',
  
  'Cover Color' gt ''
  ,

25
Job Ticket Adobe PJTF

• PDF format
• Documents
• Page Layout
• signature of sheets to image upon
• Stand alone or embedded in PDF files

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Job Ticket Net-Paper
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XML

• eXtensible Markup Language
• HTML done right, SGML lite
• W3C recommendation (ca. Jan 98)
• ltpresentergtRich Marisalt/presentergt
• ltpresentation audionogt
• Electronic Printing and Publishing
• lt/presentationgt
• ltauthsys programMSPowerPoint /gt

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XML is for ?

• creating extensions to HTML
• object data marshalling
• representing hierarchic (non-flat) data records
• e-commerce transactions
• protocol implementation, content markup,
  metadata, structure, extended link information

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Documents

• content
• metadata
• structure
• ancillary data reviews, commentary, citations,
  hyperlinks

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XML Document Type Definitions

• what elements and/or attributes are valid?
• Validating parsers
• DTDs provide the rules
• (TITLE, AUTHOR, SUMMARY, NOTE?)
• valid values
• boilerplate content

31
XML

• currently supported in IE 4.0
• to be in Netscape 5.0
• several Java, Python and C -based parsers and
  utilities are available
• full support soon in Perl 5
• Unicode
• assists automated search tools
• needed well-known DTDs

32
MathML Content MarkupH multiplied with e

• H e
• H e
• Element
• 1644 notation
• sharps / flats for maxima/minima

• ax b
• ltapplygtltplus/gt
• ltapplygtlttimes/gt
• ltcigt a lt/cigt
• ltcigt x lt/cigt
• lt/applygt

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MathML(a b)2Content and Presentation

• ltapplygt ltpower/gt ltapplygt ltplus/gt
  ltcigtalt/cigt ltcigtblt/cigt lt/applygt
  ltcngt2lt/cngtlt/applygt

• ltmsupgt ltmfencedgt ltmrowgt ltmigtalt/migt
  ltmogtlt/mogt ltmigtblt/migt lt/mrowgt
  lt/mfencedgt ltmngt2lt/mngt lt/msupgt

34
PGML Precision Graphic Markup Language

• 2D graphics language that provides precise
  control of layout, fonts, color and printing
• specification that enables Web users to readily
  and reliably post, control and interact with
  graphics on the Web
• PDF in XML scalable, smaller, faster than
  raster images

35
PGML

• submitted to the W3C by Adobe, IBM, Netscape and
  Sun
• reference code implemented in Java
• imaging model used by Postscript, PDF, and the
  Java 2D API
• Java may quickly go from a poor printing platform
  to one of the best

36
PGML

• lt?XML version"1.0"?gtlt!DOCTYPE PGML SYSTEM
  "pgml1.0.dtd"gtltpgml boundingbox"0 0 300 300"gt
  ltpath fill"1" fillcolor"100 0 0"gt ltmoveto
  x"100" y"100"/gt ltlineto x"200"/gt ltlineto
  y"200"/ ltlineto x"100"/gt ltlineto
  y"100"/gt lt/pathgtlt/pgmlgt

37
PGML

• If the workstation is doing the ripping, what
  will the printer look like?
• If the printer is pulling documents, what will
  document archives look like?
• If job tickets are in the documents
• If...

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Dienst 5

• open, distributed digital library

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Dienst structure metadata

• lt?xml version"1.0" ?gt
• ltstructuregt
• ltview type"volume"gt
• lttitlegtGeorgetown Law Journallt/titlegt
• ltdategt1912-1913lt/dategt
• ltdiv type"titlepage"gt
• ltdisplaygtTitle Pagelt/displaygt
• ltpageimage id"1" /gt
• ltpageimage id"2" /gt
• lt/divgt

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Example Hunter

• Digital library project
• Collaborative with
• William S. Hein, Inc.
• Cornell Law Library
• Technology
• Dienst
• XML (based on e-bind dtd)
• CUPID

41
Document Object Model

• evolving technology used largely in client side
  scripting
• makes every paragraph, image, style, even every
  character a distinct, individual entity
• address, manipulate, change, respond to event
  handlers

42
MS Style Sheet Printing Extension

• coming soon to a browser near you
• style applied to printing only
• ltSTYLE MEDIAPRINTgt
• properties
• page-break-after
• page-break-before
• values auto always left right

43
Summary

• Covered several EPP challenges
• Looked at technologies in place
• Looked at a few emerging technologies
• Wow there are a lot of them!
• Look at / for deconstructions

44
Some Projects at Cornell

• Net-Print (student printing)
• Hunter (Dienst)
• EZ-Publish II (CUPID)
• Net-Paper Collaboration (XML)

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Evolving Technology for Electronic Printing and
Publishing

• Richard Marisa
• Cornell University
• rjm2_at_cornell.edu